/*
 * Copyright (c) 2024 DTB <trinity@trinity.moe>
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
 *
 * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
 * the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free
 * Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any
 * later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
 * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Affero General Public License for more
 * details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
 * along with this program. If not, see https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
 */

#include <assert.h> /* assert(3) */
#include <errno.h> /* errno */
#include <fcntl.h> /* open(2) */
#include <stdio.h> /* fprintf(3), stderr */
#include <stdlib.h> /* malloc(3), strtol(3), size_t */
#include <string.h> /* memcpy(3), memmove(3), memset(3) */
#if !defined EX_OK || !defined EX_OSERR || !defined EX_USAGE
#	include <sysexits.h>
#endif
#include <unistd.h> /* close(2), getopt(3), lseek(2), read(2), write(2),
                     * optarg, optind, STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO */
#include <sys/stat.h> /* S_IRGRP, S_IROTH, S_IRUSR, S_IWGRP, S_IWOTH,
                         S_IWUSR */
extern int errno;

char *program_name = "dj";

/* dj uses two structures that respectively correspond to the reading and
 * writing ends of its jockeyed "pipe". User-configurable members are noted
 * with their relevant options. */
struct Io{
	char *buf;	  	/* buffer */
	char *fn;	  	/* file name (-io) */
	size_t bs;    	/* buffer size (-bB) */
	size_t bufuse;	/* buffer usage */
	size_t bytes; 	/* bytes processed */
	size_t prec;  	/* partial records processed */
	size_t rec;   	/* records processed */
	long seek;  	/* remaining bytes to seek/skip (-sS) */
	int error;  	/* errno */
	int fd;		  	/* file descriptor */
	int fl;		  	/* file opening flags */
};

/* To be assigned to main:fmt and used with printio(). */
static char *fmt_asv   = "%d\037%d\036%d\037%d\035%d\036%d\034";
static char *fmt_human = "%d+%d > %d+%d; %d > %d\n";

static char *stdin_name = "<stdin>";
static char *stdout_name = "<stdout>";

static int creat_mode = S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP | S_IROTH
	| S_IWOTH; /* Consistent with touch(1p). */
static int read_flags = O_RDONLY; /* Consistent with Busybox dd(1). */
static int write_flags = O_WRONLY | O_CREAT;

#define MIN(a, b) (((a) < (b)) ? (a) : (b))

/* Macro to check if fd is stdin or stdout */
#define fdisstd(fd) ((fd) == STDIN_FILENO || (fd) == STDOUT_FILENO)

static struct Io *
Io_read(struct Io *io){
	int t;

	assert(io->bs > 0);
	assert(io->bufuse < io->bs);

	if((t = read(io->fd, &(io->buf)[io->bufuse], io->bs - io->bufuse)) < 0){
		io->error = errno;
		t = 0;
	}

	io->bufuse += t;
	io->bytes  += t;
	io->prec   += (0 < io->bufuse && io->bufuse < io->bs);
	io->rec    += (io->bufuse == io->bs);

	assert(io->bufuse <= io->bs);

	return io;
}

static struct Io *
Io_write(struct Io *io){
	int t;

	assert(io->bufuse > 0);
	assert(io->bufuse <= io->bs);

	if((t = write(io->fd, io->buf, io->bufuse)) < 0){
		io->error = errno;
		t = 0;
	}else if(t > 0)
		memmove(io->buf, &(io->buf)[t], (io->bufuse -= t));

	io->bytes += t;
	io->prec  += (t > 0 && io->bufuse > 0);
	io->rec   += (t > 0 && io->bufuse == 0);

	return io;
}

static int
oserr(char *e, int n){
	fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: %s\n", program_name, e, strerror(n));
	return EX_OSERR;
}

/* Prints statistics regarding the use of dj, particularly partially and
 * completely read and written records. */
static void
fprintio(FILE *stream, char *fmt, struct Io io[2]){

	fprintf(stream, fmt,
		io[0].rec, io[0].prec, io[1].rec, io[1].prec,
		io[0].bytes, io[1].bytes);

	return;
}

/* Parses the string s to an integer, returning either the integer or in the
 * case of an error a negative integer. This is used for argument parsing
 * (e.g. -B [int]) in dj and no negative integer would be valid anyway. */
static long
parse(char *s){
	long r;

	errno = 0;
	r = strtol(s, &s, 0);
	return (*s == '\0' /* no chars left unparsed */ && errno == 0)
		? r
		: -1;
}

static int
usage(char *s){

	fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [-Hn] [-a byte] [-c count]\n"
		"\t[-i file] [-b block_size] [-s offset]\n"
		"\t[-o file] [-B block_size] [-S offset]\n",
		program_name);

	return EX_USAGE;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
 	int align;    /* low 8b used, negative if no alignment is being done */
	int count;    /* 0 if dj(1) runs until no more reads are possible */
	char *fmt;    /* == fmt_asv (default) or fmt_human (-H) */
	size_t i;     /* side of io being modified */
	char noerror; /* 0=exits (default) 1=retries on partial reads or writes */
	struct Io io[2 /* { in, out } */];

	/* Set defaults. */
	align = -1;
	count = 0;
	fmt = fmt_asv;
	noerror = 0;
	for(i = 0; i < (sizeof io) / (sizeof *io); ++i){
		io[i].bs = 1024 /* 1 KiB */; /* GNU dd(1) default; POSIX says 512B */
		io[i].bufuse = 0;
		io[i].bytes = 0;
		io[i].fd = i == 0 ? STDIN_FILENO : STDOUT_FILENO;
		io[i].fn = i == 0 ? stdin_name   : stdout_name;
		io[i].fl = i == 0 ? read_flags   : write_flags;
		io[i].error = 0;
		io[i].prec = 0;
		io[i].rec = 0;
		io[i].seek = 0;
	}

	if(argc > 0){
		int c;

		program_name = argv[0];
		while((c = getopt(argc, argv, ":a:b:B:c:i:hHns:S:o:")) != -1)
			switch(c){
			case 'i': case 'o': i = (c == 'o');
				if(optarg[0] == '-' && optarg[1] == '\0'){ /* optarg == "-" */
					io[i].fd = i == 0 ? STDIN_FILENO : STDOUT_FILENO;
					io[i].fn = i == 0 ? stdin_name   : stdout_name;
					break;
				}else{
					int fd;

					if((fd = open(optarg, io[i].fl, creat_mode)) != -1
							&& (fdisstd(io[i].fd) || close(io[i].fd) == 0)){
						io[i].fd = fd;
						io[i].fn = optarg;
						break;
					}
				}
				return oserr(optarg, errno);
			case 'n': noerror = 1;     break;
			case 'H': fmt = fmt_human; break;
			case 'a':
				if(optarg[0] == '\0' || optarg[1] == '\0'){
					align = optarg[0];
					break;
				}
				/* FALLTHROUGH */
			case 'c': case 'b': case 's': case 'B': case 'S': /* numbers */
				if(c == 'c' && (count = parse(optarg)) >= 0)
					break;
				i = (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z');
				c |= 0x20 /* 0b 0010 0000 */; /* (ASCII) make lowercase */
				if((c == 'b' && (io[i].bs = parse(optarg)) > 0)
						|| (c == 's' && (io[i].seek = parse(optarg)) >= 0))
					break;
				/* FALLTHROUGH */
			default:
				return usage(program_name);
			}
	}

	assert(io->fd != STDIN_FILENO  || io->fl == read_flags);
	assert(io->fd != STDOUT_FILENO || io->fl == write_flags);

	if(argc > optind)
		return usage(program_name);

	for(i = 0; i < (sizeof io) / (sizeof *io); ++i){
		/* buffer allocation */
		if((io[i].buf = malloc(io[i].bs * (sizeof *(io[i].buf)))) == NULL){
			fprintf(stderr, "%s: Failed to allocate %zd bytes\n",
				program_name, io[i].bs);
			return EX_OSERR;
		}
		/* easy seeking */
		if(!fdisstd(io[i].fd) && lseek(io[i].fd, io[i].seek, SEEK_SET) != -1)
			io[i].seek = 0;
	}

	/* hard seeking */
	if(io[1].seek > 0){
		size_t t;
		do{
			memset(io[1].buf, '\0',
				(t = io[1].bufuse = MIN(io[1].bs, io[1].seek)));
			if(Io_write(&io[1])->bufuse == t && !noerror && io[1].error == 0)
				Io_write(&io[1]); /* second chance */
			if(io[1].error != 0)
				return oserr(io[1].fn, io[1].error);
		}while((io[1].seek -= (t - io[1].bufuse)) > 0 && io[1].bufuse != t);
		io[1].bufuse = 0;
	}

	if(io[1].seek > 0){
		fprintio(stderr, fmt, io);
		return oserr(io[1].fn, errno);
	}

	do{
		assert(io[0].bufuse == 0);

		{ /* read */
			char skipping;
			size_t t;

			/* hack to intentionally get a partial read from Io_read */
			if((skipping = (io[0].seek > 0)) && io[0].seek < io[0].bs)
				io[0].bufuse = io[0].bs - io[0].seek;

			t = io[0].bufuse;
			if(Io_read(&io[0])->bufuse == t && !noerror && io[0].error == 0)
				Io_read(&io[0]); /* second chance */
			assert(io[0].bufuse >= t);
			if(io[0].bufuse == t) /* that's all she wrote */
				break;

			if(/* t < io[0].bufuse && */ io[0].bufuse < io[0].bs){
				fprintf(stderr, "%s: Partial read:\n\t", program_name);
				fprintio(stderr, fmt, io);
				if(!noerror)
					count = 1;
				if(align >= 0){
					/* fill the rest of the ibuf with padding */
					memset(&(io[0].buf)[io[0].bufuse], align,
						io[0].bs - io[0].bufuse);
					io->bufuse = io->bs;
				}
			}

			if(skipping){
				io[0].bufuse = 0;
				count += (count != 0);
				continue;
			}
		}

		/* write */
		do{
			int t;

			if(io[0].bs <= io[1].bs){
				int n;

				/* saturate obuf */
				memcpy(io[1].buf, io[0].buf,
				       (io[1].bufuse = (n = MIN(io[0].bufuse, io[1].bs))));
				/* permute the copied units out of ibuf */
				memmove(io[0].buf, &(io[0].buf)[n], (io[0].bufuse -= n));
			}else /* if(io[0].bs < io[1].bs) */ {
				int n;

				/* drain what we can from ibuf */
				memcpy(&(io[1].buf)[io[1].bufuse], io[0].buf,
				       (n = MIN(io[0].bufuse, io[1].bs - io[1].bufuse)));
				io[1].bufuse += n;
				/* permute out the copied units */
				memmove(io[0].buf, &(io[0].buf)[n], io[0].bs - n);
				io[0].bufuse -= n;

				if(io[0].bs + io[1].bufuse <= io[1].bs && count != 1)
					continue; /* obuf not saturated - we could write more */
			}

			t = io[1].bufuse;
			if(Io_write(&io[1])->bufuse == t && !noerror && io[1].error == 0)
				Io_write(&io[1]); /* second chance */
			assert(io[1].bufuse <= t);
			if(io[1].bufuse == t){ /* no more love */
				count = 1;
				break;
			}

			if(0 < io[1].bufuse /* && io[1].bufuse < t */){
				fprintf(stderr, "%s: Partial write:\n\t", program_name);
				fprintio(stderr, fmt, io);
				if(!noerror)
					count = 1;
			}
		}while(io[0].bufuse > 0);
	}while(count == 0 || --count > 0);

	fprintio(stderr, fmt, io);

	for(i = 0; i < (sizeof io) / (sizeof *io); ++i)
		if(io[i].error)
			return oserr(io[i].fn, io[i].error);

	return EX_OK;
}