## Misinformation

#### Media outlets often spread misinformation and bias without refuting it

*   [ScienceMag: Guess et al. 19](https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/1/eaau4586)
    *   Study examining the prevalence of fake news shared over facebook.
    *   “Conservatives were more likely to share articles from **fake news domains,**” which are examined thoroughly in the methodology.
    *   These domains, in 2016, were “largely pro-Trump in orientation”
    *   “On average, users **over 65** shared nearly **seven times** as many articles from fake news domains as the youngest age group.”
*   [Media Matters: Gertz and Savillo 19](https://www.mediamatters.org/twitter/study-major-media-outlets-twitter-accounts-amplify-false-trump-claims-average-19-times-day)
    *   Outlets amplified misinformation derived from Donald Trump’s Twitter more than **400 times** over the three-week period of the study -- a rate of 19 per day.
    *   **30% of the tweets** by major media outlets’ Twitter accounts about Trump remarks referenced a **false or misleading statement.**
    *   Nearly two-thirds of the time, the outlets **did not dispute** that misinformation.
*   [Media Bias Chart](https://www.adfontesmedia.com/)
    *   With a _very_ thorough methodological analysis [(adfontes)](https://www.adfontesmedia.com/how-ad-fontes-ranks-news-sources/) 
    
    ![](https://github.com/NB419/source-library/blob/master/images/media%20bias%20chart.png?raw=true)