## Gendered Behavior

#### At a young age, children learn and copy perceived gendered behavior, which in many cases leads to the limiting of children’s expression.



*   [Chick et al. 02](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1014528424032)
    *   Evaluation of a childcare facility suggests that gender role development is **socially constructed** and **learned from birth.**
*   [Aina and Cameron 11](https://www.southernearlychildhood.org/upload/pdf/Why_Does_Gender_Matter_Counteracting_Stereotypes_With_Young_Children_Olaiya_E_Aina_and_Petronella_A_Cameron.pdf)
    *   Gendered stereotypes were found to affect children’s perception of **gender and appropriate behavior** and proliferate through certain influences:
        *   Consumer products
        *   The Media
        *   Early childhood education
        *   Relationships with parents
*   [Lee 08](https://www.academia.edu/18638058/Understanding_Gender_through_Disney_s_Marriages_A_Study_of_Young_Korean_Immigrant_Girls)
    *   A study of Korean immigrant girls and gender stereotypes
        *   Subjects admired princesses based on beauty or singing voice while boys admired princes based on chivalry, courage, or actions. Combined with a tradition of female subservience in Korean culture, these young girls appeared to accept their disenfranchisement.
        *   Subjects perceived that a woman could not be President of the United States because a classroom poster depicted all-male presidents.
*   [Freedman 07](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10643-006-0123-x)
    *   Observed children between the ages of 3-5
    *   Children predicted parents would **consistently apply these stereotypes** as reflected by their approval or disapproval of children’s choices to play with **gender stereotyped or cross-gender toys.**
    *   As early as **3-5 years**, children **recognize stereotypes** about gendered play and subconsciously account for social disapproval
*   [Saltmarsh 09](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249914261_Becoming_economic_subjects_Agency_consumption_and_popular_culture_in_early_childhood)
    *   One paper which details how children, from a young age, are subject to stereotyping and perceived gender differences, and the poststructuralist outlook