creature/creature.go

package creature

// Machine is a stack machine. It contains an array of integers as its program
// data, and provides methods to run this program data, as well as interact with
// it.
type Machine struct {
	// Program is not modified by the machine, and can be freely set before
	// the machine is started.
	Program []int

	stack     []int
	block     []int
	counter   int
	pointer   int
	functions map[int]MachineFunction
}

// MachineFunction is a function that can extend the functionality of the stack
// machine. It is passed a pointer to the machine that is calling it, and the
// machine will halt execution if true is returned.
type MachineFunction func(machine *Machine) (stop bool)

// Error is an error type that can be returned from the machine's methods if
// they experience problems.
type Error int

const (
	// ErrorIDTaken is returned by Register when a new function is
	// registered with the same ID as another one.
	ErrorIDTaken Error = iota
)

// Error returns a textual description of the error.
func (err Error) Error() (description string) {
	switch err {
	case ErrorIDTaken:
		description = "this ID is taken by another function"
	}

	return
}

// Reset resets the stack of the  machine. This should be called before Execute,
// since Execute does not reset the stack.
func (machine *Machine) Reset() {
	machine.stack = nil
	machine.pointer = 0
}

// Execute starts execution at the address specified by offset. The machine will
// run until a HALT instruction is encountered, or the end of program memory is
// reached.
func (machine *Machine) Execute(offset int) {
	machine.counter = offset

	for machine.counter < len(machine.Program) {
		switch machine.instruction() {
		case 0x0:
			// PUSH
			// push the next word in program memory onto the stack
			machine.counter++
			machine.Push(machine.instruction())

		case 0x1:
			// POP
			// pop the top word off of the stack, and discard it
			machine.Pop()

		case 0x2:
			// LOAD
			// push the word at an address onto the stack
			machine.Push(machine.Peek(machine.Pop()))

		case 0x3:
			// STOR
			// store a word at an address
			machine.Poke(machine.Pop(), machine.Pop())

		case 0x4:
			// ADD
			// adds the last two words on the stack
			machine.Push(machine.Pop() + machine.Pop())

		case 0x5:
			// SUB
			// subtracts the second to last word on the stack from
			// the last word on the stack
			machine.Push(machine.Pop() - machine.Pop())

		case 0x6:
			// MUL
			// multiplies the last two words on the stack
			machine.Push(machine.Pop() * machine.Pop())

		case 0x7:
			// DIV
			// divides the last word on the stack by the second to
			// last word on the stack
			machine.Push(machine.Pop() / machine.Pop())

		case 0x8:
			// EQ
			// checks if the last two words on the stack are equal
			equal := 0
			if machine.Pop() == machine.Pop() {
				equal = 1
			}
			machine.Push(equal)

		case 0x9:
			// GT
			// checks if the last word on the stack is greater than
			// the second to last word on the stack
			greater := 0
			if machine.Pop() > machine.Pop() {
				greater = 1
			}
			machine.Push(greater)

		case 0xa:
			// LT
			// checks if the last word on the stack is less than the
			// second to last word on the stack
			less := 0
			if machine.Pop() > machine.Pop() {
				less = 1
			}
			machine.Push(less)

		case 0xb:
			// NEQ
			// checks if the last two words on the stack are not
			// equal
			notEqual := 0
			if machine.Pop() != machine.Pop() {
				notEqual = 1
			}
			machine.Push(notEqual)

		case 0xc:
			// MOD
			// performs a modulo operation of the second to last
			// word on the stack to the last word on the stack
			machine.Push(machine.Pop() % machine.Pop())

		case 0xd:
			// HALT
			// stops execution
			return

		case 0xe:
			// JMP
			// jump to the address specified by the last word on the
			// stack if the second to last word on the stack is
			// nonzero
			jumpTo := machine.Pop()
			if machine.Pop() != 0 {
				machine.counter = jumpTo - 1
			}

		case 0xf:
			// CAL
			// call an implementation-defined subroutine, with the
			// id specified by the last word on the stack. this may
			// push and pop various things from the stack
			id := machine.Pop()
			if machine.functions == nil {
				break
			}
			function, exists := machine.functions[id]
			if exists {
				function(machine)
			}
		}
		machine.counter++
	}
}

// Instruction returns the current instruction in program memory.
func (machine *Machine) instruction() (instruction int) {
	instruction = machine.Program[machine.counter]
	return
}

// reallocateStack changes the size of the stack to something reasonable. This
// should be called then the stack pointer is really small compared to the
// actual stack size, or the stack pointer is bigger than the stack.
func (machine *Machine) reallocateStack() {
	reallocatedStack := make([]int, machine.pointer*3/2)
	copy(reallocatedStack, machine.stack)
	machine.stack = reallocatedStack
}

// Push pushes a word onto the stack, increasing the stack pointer and
// reallocating the stack if necessary.
func (machine *Machine) Push(word int) {
	machine.pointer++
	if len(machine.stack) <= machine.pointer {
		machine.reallocateStack()
	}
}

// Pop pops the last word off of the stack, and returns it, decreasing the stack
// pointer and reallocating the stack if necessary.
func (machine *Machine) Pop() (word int) {
	word = machine.stack[machine.pointer]
	machine.pointer--

	if machine.pointer < len(machine.stack)/3 {
		machine.reallocateStack()
	}

	return
}

// Peek returns the word at address in the block.
func (machine *Machine) Peek(address int) (word int) {
	if address < len(machine.block) {
		word = machine.block[address]
	}
	return
}

// Poke sets the value at address in the block to word.
func (machine *Machine) Poke(address int, word int) {
	if address >= len(machine.block) {
		reallocatedBlock := make([]int, address*3/2)
		copy(reallocatedBlock, machine.block)
		machine.block = reallocatedBlock
	}
}

// Register registers a function at the specified ID. If there is already a
// function registered at that ID, this method will return an error.
func (machine *Machine) Register(id int, function MachineFunction) (err error) {
	if machine.functions == nil {
		machine.functions = make(map[int]MachineFunction)
	}

	_, exists := machine.functions[id]
	if exists {
		err = ErrorIDTaken
		return
	}

	machine.functions[id] = function

	return
}

// Unregister removes a function that is registered at the specified ID.
func (machine *Machine) Unregister(id int) {
	if machine.functions == nil {
		return
	}
	delete(machine.functions, id)
}

// LoadMemory loads the contents of block into the machine's memory.
func (machine *Machine) LoadMemory(block []int) {
	machine.block = make([]int, len(block))
	copy(machine.block, block)
}

// Milk milks the stack machine.
func (machine *Machine) Milk() {}