diff --git a/tape/array.go b/tape/array.go
index 1d933e3..00cdffb 100644
--- a/tape/array.go
+++ b/tape/array.go
@@ -6,23 +6,90 @@ import "slices"
 
 // encoding and decoding functions must not make any allocations
 
-func DecodeArray(data []byte, itemLength int) iter.Seq[[]byte] {
+// ArrayPushFunc adds an item to an array that is being encoded.
+type ArrayPushFunc func(value []byte) (n int, err error)
+
+// ArrayPullFunc gets the next item of an array that is being decoded.
+type ArrayPullFunc func() (value []byte, n int, err error)
+
+// DecodePASTA decodes a packed single-type array.
+func DecodePASTA(data []byte, itemLength int) ArrayPullFunc {
+	n := 0
+	return func() (value []byte, n_ int, err error) {
+		if n > len(data) - itemLength {
+			return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("decoding PASTA: %w", ErrWrongBufferLength)
+		}
+		value = data[n:n + itemLength]
+		n += itemLength
+		return value, itemLength, nil
+	}
+}
+
+// DecodePASTAIter decodes a packed single-type array and returns it as an
+// iterator.
+func DecodePASTAIter(data []byte, itemLength int) iter.Seq[[]byte] {
 	return slices.Chunk(data, itemLength)
 }
 
-func EncodeArray(data []byte, items ...[]byte) (n int, err error) {
-	for _, item := range items {
-		if n >= len(data) { return n, ErrWrongBufferLength }
-		copy(data[n:], item)
-		n += len(item)
+// EncodePASTA encodes a packed single-type array.
+func EncodePASTA(data []byte, itemLength int) ArrayPushFunc {
+	n := 0
+	return func(value []byte) (n_ int, err error) {
+		if n > len(data) - itemLength {
+			return 0, fmt.Errorf("encoding PASTA: %w", ErrWrongBufferLength)
+		}
+		copy(data[n:], value)
+		n += itemLength
+		return itemLength, nil
 	}
-	return n, nil
 }
 
-func ArraySize(length, itemLength int) int {
+// PASTASize returns the size of a packed single-type array.
+func PASTASize(length, itemLength int) int {
 	return length * itemLength
 }
 
+// DecodeVILA encodes a variable item length array.
+func DecodeVILA(data []byte) ArrayPullFunc {
+	n := 0
+	return func() (value []byte, n_ int, err error) {
+		if n >= len(data) { return nil, n_, fmt.Errorf("decoding VILA: %w", ErrWrongBufferLength) }
+		length, nn, err := DecodeGBEU[uint](data[n:])
+		n += nn
+		n_ += nn
+		if err != nil { return nil, n_, err }
+		
+		if n > len(data) - int(length) {
+			return nil, n_, fmt.Errorf("decoding VILA: %w", ErrWrongBufferLength)
+		}
+		value = data[n:n + int(length)]
+		n += int(length)
+		n_ += int(length)
+		return value, int(length), nil
+	}
+}
+
+// EncodeVILA encodes a variable item length array.
+func EncodeVILA(data []byte, items ...[]byte) ArrayPushFunc {
+	n := 0
+	return func(value []byte) (n_ int, err error) {
+		if n >= len(data) { return n_, fmt.Errorf("encoding VILA: %w", ErrWrongBufferLength) }
+		nn, err := EncodeGBEU(data[n:], uint(len(value)))
+		n += nn
+		n_ += nn
+		if err != nil { return n, err }
+		
+		if n >= len(data) { return n_, fmt.Errorf("encoding VILA: %w", ErrWrongBufferLength) }
+		nn = copy(data[n:], value)
+		n += nn
+		n_ += nn
+		if nn != len(value) { return n_, fmt.Errorf("encoding VILA: %w", ErrWrongBufferLength) }
+		return n_, err
+	}
+}
+
+// TODO: Decode, encode, size for string array needs to use VILA
+
 // DecodeStringArray decodes a packed string array from the given data.
 func DecodeStringArray[T String](data []byte) (result []T, n int, err error) {
 	for len(data) > 0 {