marcie/marcie.go

package marcie

import "io"

// Machine represents a MARIE system. It can be used to run code.
type Machine struct {
	memory      [4096]int16
	counter     int16
	accumulator int16

	output io.Writer
	input  io.Reader
}

// Opcode represents an opcode for the machine.
type Opcode uint8

const (
	JNS      Opcode = 0x0
	LOAD     Opcode = 0x1
	STORE    Opcode = 0x2
	ADD      Opcode = 0x3
	SUBT     Opcode = 0x4
	INPUT    Opcode = 0x5
	OUTPUT   Opcode = 0x6
	HALT     Opcode = 0x7
	SKIPCOND Opcode = 0x8
	JUMP     Opcode = 0x9
	CLEAR    Opcode = 0xA
	ADDI     Opcode = 0xB
	JUMPI    Opcode = 0xC
	LOADI    Opcode = 0xD
	STOREI   Opcode = 0xE
)

// Instruction provides a convenient way to create an instruction word
func Instruction (opcode Opcode, operand uint16) (instruction int16) {
	instruction |= int16(uint16(opcode) << 12)
	instruction |= int16(operand)

	return
}

// Error is an error type that can be returned from the machine's methods if
// they experience problems.
type Error int

const (
	ErrorUnknownInstruction Error = iota
)

// Error returns a textual description of the error.
func (err Error) Error() (description string) {
	switch err {
	case ErrorUnknownInstruction:
		description = "machine encountered unknown instruction"
	}

	return
}

// Execute starts execution at the address specified by offset. The machine will
// run until a HALT instruction is encountered, or the end of program memory is
// reached. If an unknown instruction is encountered, the machine halts and
// returns an error.
func (machine *Machine) Execute (offset int16) (err error) {
	machine.counter     = offset
	machine.accumulator = 0
	for int(machine.counter) < len(machine.memory) {
		word        := machine.memory[machine.counter]
		opcode      := Opcode(word >> 12) & 0x000F
		operand     := word & 0x0FFF
		memoryValue := int16(0)
	
		if int(operand) < len(machine.memory) {
			memoryValue = machine.memory[operand]
		}

		switch opcode {
		case JNS:
			// Store the PC at address X and jump to X+1
			machine.memory[operand] = machine.counter
			machine.counter = operand
			
		case LOAD:
			// Load contents of address X into AC
			machine.accumulator = memoryValue
			
		case STORE:
			// Store the contents of AC at address X
			machine.memory[operand] = machine.accumulator
		
		case ADD:
			// Add the contents of address X to AC
			machine.accumulator += memoryValue
		
		case SUBT:
			// Subtract the contents of address X from AC
			machine.accumulator -= memoryValue
		
		case INPUT:
			// Input a value from the keyboard into AC
			buffer := []byte { 0 }
			_, err = machine.input.Read(buffer)
			if err != nil { return }
			machine.accumulator = int16(buffer[0])

		case OUTPUT:
			// Output the value in AC to the display
			buffer := []byte { byte(machine.accumulator) }
			_, err = machine.output.Write(buffer)
			if err != nil { return }

		case HALT:
			// Terminate program
			return

		case SKIPCOND:
			// Skip next instruction on condition
			condition := false
			switch operand {
			case 0x000:
				condition = machine.accumulator <  0
			case 0x400:
				condition = machine.accumulator == 0
			case 0x800:
				condition = machine.accumulator >  0
			}

			if condition {
				machine.counter ++
			}

		case JUMP:
			// Load the value of X into PC
			machine.counter = operand - 1

		case CLEAR:
			// Put all zeros in AC
			machine.accumulator = 0

		case ADDI:
			// Add indirect: Use the value at X as the actual
			// address of the data operand to add to AC
			machine.accumulator += machine.memory[memoryValue]

		case JUMPI:
			// Jump indirect: Use the value at X as the address to
			// jump to
			machine.counter += machine.memory[memoryValue] - 1

		case LOADI:
			// Load indirect: Use the value at X as the address of
			// the value to load
			machine.accumulator = machine.memory[memoryValue]
			
		case STOREI:
			// Store indirect: Use X the value at X as the address
			// of where to store the value
			machine.memory[memoryValue] = machine.accumulator

		default:
			err = ErrorUnknownInstruction
		}
		
		machine.counter ++
	}
	return
}

// SetOutput sets the io.Writer that the machine will write to.
func (machine *Machine) SetOutput (writer io.Writer) {
	machine.output = writer
}

// SetInput sets the io.Reader that the machine will read from.
func (machine *Machine) SetInput (reader io.Reader) {
	machine.input = reader
}

// LoadProgram loads an image into the machine's memory. If the program is
// smaller than the machine's memory, the remaining cells are filled with
// zeroes. If the program is larger than the machine's memory, the remaining
// words are ignored.
func (machine *Machine) LoadProgram (program []int16) {
	for index := 0; index < len(machine.memory); index ++ {
		if index < len(program) {
			machine.memory[index] = program[index]
		} else {
			machine.memory[index] = 0
		}
	}
}