From e4fdde3da1200d0fd5292d2b74b8e79ef8bd0a68 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sasha Koshka <sashakoshka@tebibyte.media>
Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2024 18:15:15 -0400
Subject: [PATCH] Use premultiplied alpha for X canvas

---
 x/canvas/canvas.go | 29 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 x/canvas/draw.go   |  6 +++---
 x/canvas/plot.go   |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 33 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/x/canvas/canvas.go b/x/canvas/canvas.go
index 8b6a72a..26dd0cb 100644
--- a/x/canvas/canvas.go
+++ b/x/canvas/canvas.go
@@ -132,3 +132,32 @@ func convertColor (c color.Color) xgraphics.BGRA {
 		A: uint8(a >> 8),
 	}
 }
+
+// For some reason, xgraphics.BGRA does not specify whether or not it uses
+// premultiplied alpha, and information regarding this is contradictory.
+// Basically:
+//   - BGRAModel just takes the result of c.RGBA and bit shifts it, without
+//     un-doing the aplha premultiplication that is required by Color.RGBA,
+//     suggesting that xgraphics.BGRA stores alpha-premultiplied color.
+//   - xgraphics.BlendBGRA lerps between dest and src using only the alpha of
+//     src (temporarily converting the colors to fucking floats for some reason)
+//     which seems to suggest that xgraphics.BGRA *does not* store alpha-
+//     premultiplied color.
+// There is no issues page on xgbutil so we may never get an answer to this
+// question. However, in this package we just use xgraphics.BGRA to store alpha-
+// premultiplied color anyway because its way faster, and I would sooner eat
+// spaghetti with a spoon than convert to and from float64 to blend pixels.
+func blendPremultipliedBGRA (dst, src xgraphics.BGRA) xgraphics.BGRA {
+	// https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_compositing
+	return xgraphics.BGRA {
+		B: blendPremultipliedChannel(dst.B, src.B, src.A),
+		G: blendPremultipliedChannel(dst.G, src.G, src.A),
+		R: blendPremultipliedChannel(dst.R, src.R, src.A),
+		A: blendPremultipliedChannel(dst.A, src.A, src.A),
+	}
+}
+
+func blendPremultipliedChannel (dst, src, a uint8) uint8 {
+	dst16, src16, a16 := uint16(dst), uint16(src), uint16(a)
+	return uint8(src16 + ((dst16 * (255 - a16)) >> 8))
+}
diff --git a/x/canvas/draw.go b/x/canvas/draw.go
index 2e54c35..3dce463 100644
--- a/x/canvas/draw.go
+++ b/x/canvas/draw.go
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ func (this *pen) textureRectangleTransparent (bounds image.Rectangle) {
 		srcPos := pos.Add(offset)
 		dstIndex := this.image.PixOffset(pos.X, pos.Y)
 		srcIndex := this.texture.PixOffset(srcPos.X, srcPos.Y)
-		pixel := xgraphics.BlendBGRA(xgraphics.BGRA {
+		pixel := blendPremultipliedBGRA(xgraphics.BGRA {
 			B: dst[dstIndex + 0],
 			G: dst[dstIndex + 1],
 			R: dst[dstIndex + 2],
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ func (this *pen) fillRectangleTransparent (c xgraphics.BGRA, bounds image.Rectan
 	for pos.Y = bounds.Min.Y; pos.Y < bounds.Max.Y; pos.Y ++ {
 	for pos.X = bounds.Min.X; pos.X < bounds.Max.X; pos.X ++ {
 		index := this.image.PixOffset(pos.X, pos.Y)
-		pixel := xgraphics.BlendBGRA(xgraphics.BGRA {
+		pixel := blendPremultipliedBGRA(xgraphics.BGRA {
 			B: this.image.Pix[index + 0],
 			G: this.image.Pix[index + 1],
 			R: this.image.Pix[index + 2],
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ func (context *fillingContext) fillPolygonHotTransparent () {
 			// fill pixels in between
 			for x := left; x < right; x ++ {
 				index := context.image.PixOffset(x, context.y)
-				pixel := xgraphics.BlendBGRA(xgraphics.BGRA {
+				pixel := blendPremultipliedBGRA(xgraphics.BGRA {
 					B: context.image.Pix[index + 0],
 					G: context.image.Pix[index + 1],
 					R: context.image.Pix[index + 2],
diff --git a/x/canvas/plot.go b/x/canvas/plot.go
index 4e128c4..69fd105 100644
--- a/x/canvas/plot.go
+++ b/x/canvas/plot.go
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ func (context plottingContext) plot (center image.Point) {
 		for y := square.Min.Y; y < square.Max.Y; y ++ {
 		for x := square.Min.X; x < square.Max.X; x ++ {
 			index := context.image.PixOffset(x, y)
-			pixel := xgraphics.BlendBGRA(xgraphics.BGRA {
+			pixel := blendPremultipliedBGRA(xgraphics.BGRA {
 				B: context.image.Pix[index + 0],
 				G: context.image.Pix[index + 1],
 				R: context.image.Pix[index + 2],