diff --git a/backends/x/window.go b/backends/x/window.go
index 315d33f..7fb2e93 100644
--- a/backends/x/window.go
+++ b/backends/x/window.go
@@ -59,15 +59,17 @@ func (backend *Backend) newWindow (
 	output *window,
 	err error,
 ) {
-	// TODO: take position flag into account
+	if bounds.Dx() == 0 { bounds.Max.X = bounds.Min.X + 8 }
+	if bounds.Dy() == 0 { bounds.Max.Y = bounds.Min.Y + 8 }
 	
 	window := &window { backend: backend }
 
 	window.xWindow, err = xwindow.Generate(backend.connection)
 	if err != nil { return }
-	window.xWindow.Create (
+	err = window.xWindow.CreateChecked (
 		backend.connection.RootWin(),
 		bounds.Min.X, bounds.Min.Y, bounds.Dx(), bounds.Dy(), 0)
+	if err != nil { return }
 	err = window.xWindow.Listen (
 		xproto.EventMaskExposure,
 		xproto.EventMaskStructureNotify,
diff --git a/examples/align/main.go b/examples/align/main.go
index 9cba3cb..1d0c77d 100644
--- a/examples/align/main.go
+++ b/examples/align/main.go
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ func main () {
 }
 
 func run () {
-	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(360, 360)
+	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(tomo.Bounds(0, 0, 0, 0))
 	window.SetTitle("Text alignment")
 
 	container := containers.NewDocumentContainer()
@@ -29,10 +29,10 @@ func run () {
 	right.SetAlign(textdraw.AlignRight)
 	justify.SetAlign(textdraw.AlignJustify)
 
-	container.Adopt(left)
-	container.Adopt(center)
-	container.Adopt(right)
-	container.Adopt(justify)
+	container.Adopt(left, true)
+	container.Adopt(center, true)
+	container.Adopt(right, true)
+	container.Adopt(justify, true)
 	
 	window.OnClose(tomo.Stop)
 	window.Show()
diff --git a/examples/button/main.go b/examples/button/main.go
index 86666e5..d5d7cc3 100644
--- a/examples/button/main.go
+++ b/examples/button/main.go
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ func main () {
 }
 
 func run () {
-	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(2, 2)
+	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(tomo.Bounds(0, 0, 0, 0))
 	window.SetTitle("example button")
 	button := elements.NewButton("hello tomo!")
 	button.OnClick (func () {
diff --git a/examples/checkbox/main.go b/examples/checkbox/main.go
index 42acb7d..a0dfbf4 100644
--- a/examples/checkbox/main.go
+++ b/examples/checkbox/main.go
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ func main () {
 }
 
 func run () {
-	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(2, 2)
+	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(tomo.Bounds(0, 0, 0, 0))
 	window.SetTitle("Checkboxes")
 
 	container := containers.NewContainer(layouts.Vertical { true, true })
diff --git a/examples/clipboard/main.go b/examples/clipboard/main.go
index edf1bae..40eb0df 100644
--- a/examples/clipboard/main.go
+++ b/examples/clipboard/main.go
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ var validImageTypes = []data.Mime {
 }
 
 func run () {
-	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(256, 2)
+	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(tomo.Bounds(0, 0, 256, 0))
 	window.SetTitle("Clipboard")
 
 	container := containers.NewContainer(layouts.Vertical { true, true })
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ func run () {
 				"Cannot decode image:\n" + err.Error())
 			return 
 		}
-		imageWindow(img)
+		imageWindow(window, img)
 	}
 	clipboardCallback := func (clipboard data.Data, err error) {
 		if err != nil {
@@ -120,8 +120,8 @@ func run () {
 	window.Show()
 }
 
-func imageWindow (image image.Image) {
-	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(2, 2)
+func imageWindow (parent tomo.Window, image image.Image) {
+	window, _ := parent.NewModal(tomo.Bounds(0, 0, 0, 0))
 	window.SetTitle("Clipboard Image")
 	container := containers.NewContainer(layouts.Vertical { true, true })
 	closeButton := elements.NewButton("Ok")
diff --git a/examples/dialogLayout/main.go b/examples/dialogLayout/main.go
index 3ce6663..519ae4a 100644
--- a/examples/dialogLayout/main.go
+++ b/examples/dialogLayout/main.go
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ func main () {
 }
 
 func run () {
-	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(2, 2)
+	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(tomo.Bounds(0, 0, 0, 0))
 	window.SetTitle("dialog")
 
 	container := containers.NewContainer(layouts.Dialog { true, true })
diff --git a/examples/documentContainer/main.go b/examples/documentContainer/main.go
index d9cf402..37a2a3f 100644
--- a/examples/documentContainer/main.go
+++ b/examples/documentContainer/main.go
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ func main () {
 }
 
 func run () {
-	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(383, 360)
-	window.SetTitle("Scroll")
+	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(tomo.Bounds(0, 0, 383, 360))
+	window.SetTitle("Document Container")
 	
 	file, err := os.Open("assets/banner.png")
 	if err != nil { panic(err.Error()); return  }
diff --git a/examples/drawing/main.go b/examples/drawing/main.go
index e917a1a..4c8db43 100644
--- a/examples/drawing/main.go
+++ b/examples/drawing/main.go
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ func main () {
 }
 
 func run () {
-	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(480, 360)
+	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(tomo.Bounds(0, 0, 480, 360))
 	window.Adopt(testing.NewArtist())
 	window.OnClose(tomo.Stop)
 	window.Show()
diff --git a/examples/fileBrowser/main.go b/examples/fileBrowser/main.go
index 2174ec5..156aab1 100644
--- a/examples/fileBrowser/main.go
+++ b/examples/fileBrowser/main.go
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ func main () {
 }
 
 func run () {
-	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(384, 384)
+	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(tomo.Bounds(0, 0, 384, 384))
 	window.SetTitle("File browser")
 	container := containers.NewContainer(layouts.Vertical { true, true })
 	window.Adopt(container)
diff --git a/examples/flow/main.go b/examples/flow/main.go
index 146e5ee..565f614 100644
--- a/examples/flow/main.go
+++ b/examples/flow/main.go
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ func main () {
 }
 
 func run () {
-	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(192, 192)
+	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(tomo.Bounds(0, 0, 192, 192))
 	window.SetTitle("adventure")
 	container := containers.NewContainer(layouts.Vertical { true, true })
 	window.Adopt(container)
diff --git a/examples/goroutines/main.go b/examples/goroutines/main.go
index 0b3b8b4..caa41bb 100644
--- a/examples/goroutines/main.go
+++ b/examples/goroutines/main.go
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ func main () {
 }
 
 func run () {
-	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(200, 216)
+	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(tomo.Bounds(0, 0, 200, 216))
 	window.SetTitle("Clock")
 	container := containers.NewContainer(layouts.Vertical { true, true })
 	window.Adopt(container)
diff --git a/examples/horizontalLayout/main.go b/examples/horizontalLayout/main.go
index 9364d39..c55a424 100644
--- a/examples/horizontalLayout/main.go
+++ b/examples/horizontalLayout/main.go
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ func main () {
 }
 
 func run () {
-	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(360, 2)
+	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(tomo.Bounds(0, 0, 360, 0))
 	window.SetTitle("horizontal stack")
 
 	container := containers.NewContainer(layouts.Horizontal { true, true })
diff --git a/examples/icons/main.go b/examples/icons/main.go
index 85ee36e..52c45cf 100644
--- a/examples/icons/main.go
+++ b/examples/icons/main.go
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ func main () {
 }
 
 func run () {
-	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(360, 2)
+	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(tomo.Bounds(0, 0, 360, 0))
 	window.SetTitle("Icons")
 
 	container := containers.NewContainer(layouts.Vertical { true, true })
diff --git a/examples/input/main.go b/examples/input/main.go
index 1d19a37..1016493 100644
--- a/examples/input/main.go
+++ b/examples/input/main.go
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ func main () {
 }
 
 func run () {
-	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(2, 2)
+	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(tomo.Bounds(0, 0, 0, 0))
 	window.SetTitle("Enter Details")
 	container := containers.NewContainer(layouts.Vertical { true, true })
 	window.Adopt(container)
diff --git a/examples/label/main.go b/examples/label/main.go
index 68c53f4..0429587 100644
--- a/examples/label/main.go
+++ b/examples/label/main.go
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ func main () {
 }
 
 func run () {
-	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(480, 360)
+	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(tomo.Bounds(0, 0, 480, 360))
 	window.SetTitle("example label")
 	window.Adopt(elements.NewLabel(text, true))
 	window.OnClose(tomo.Stop)
diff --git a/examples/list/main.go b/examples/list/main.go
index 3264da6..0aeeec8 100644
--- a/examples/list/main.go
+++ b/examples/list/main.go
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ func main () {
 }
 
 func run () {
-	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(300, 2)
+	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(tomo.Bounds(0, 0, 300, 0))
 	window.SetTitle("List Sidebar")
 
 	container := containers.NewContainer(layouts.Horizontal { true, true })
diff --git a/examples/panels/main.go b/examples/panels/main.go
index f725b68..4997c8f 100644
--- a/examples/panels/main.go
+++ b/examples/panels/main.go
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package main
 
 import "fmt"
+import "image"
 import "git.tebibyte.media/sashakoshka/tomo"
 import "git.tebibyte.media/sashakoshka/tomo/layouts"
 import "git.tebibyte.media/sashakoshka/tomo/elements"
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ func main () {
 }
 
 func run () {
-	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(256, 256)
+	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(tomo.Bounds(200, 200, 256, 256))
 	window.SetTitle("Main")
 
 	container := containers.NewContainer(layouts.Vertical { true, true })
@@ -22,14 +23,14 @@ func run () {
 	window.OnClose(tomo.Stop)
 	window.Show()
 
-	createPanel(window, 0)
-	createPanel(window, 1)
-	createPanel(window, 2)
-	createPanel(window, 3)
+	createPanel(window, 0, tomo.Bounds(-64, 20,  0, 0))
+	createPanel(window, 1, tomo.Bounds(200, 20,  0, 0))
+	createPanel(window, 2, tomo.Bounds(-64, 180, 0, 0))
+	createPanel(window, 3, tomo.Bounds(200, 180, 0, 0))
 }
 
-func createPanel (parent tomo.MainWindow, id int) {
-	window, _ := parent.NewPanel(2, 2)
+func createPanel (parent tomo.MainWindow, id int, bounds image.Rectangle) {
+	window, _ := parent.NewPanel(bounds)
 	title := fmt.Sprint("Panel #", id)
 	window.SetTitle(title)
 	container := containers.NewContainer(layouts.Vertical { true, true })
diff --git a/examples/piano/main.go b/examples/piano/main.go
index 8aa291b..2783bc9 100644
--- a/examples/piano/main.go
+++ b/examples/piano/main.go
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ func main () {
 }
 
 func run () {
-	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(2, 2)
+	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(tomo.Bounds(0, 0, 0, 0))
 	window.SetTitle("Piano")
 	container := containers.NewContainer(layouts.Vertical { true, true })
 	controlBar := containers.NewContainer(layouts.Horizontal { true, false })
diff --git a/examples/popups/main.go b/examples/popups/main.go
index 1140df6..7ce287f 100644
--- a/examples/popups/main.go
+++ b/examples/popups/main.go
@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ func main () {
 }
 
 func run () {
-	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(2, 2)
+	window, err := tomo.NewWindow(tomo.Bounds(0, 0, 0, 0))
+	if err != nil { panic(err.Error()) }
 	window.SetTitle("Dialog Boxes")
 
 	container := containers.NewContainer(layouts.Vertical { true, true })
diff --git a/examples/progress/main.go b/examples/progress/main.go
index c76f2d5..8e0a630 100644
--- a/examples/progress/main.go
+++ b/examples/progress/main.go
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ func main () {
 }
 
 func run () {
-	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(2, 2)
+	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(tomo.Bounds(0, 0, 0, 0))
 	window.SetTitle("Approaching")
 	container := containers.NewContainer(layouts.Vertical { true, true })
 	window.Adopt(container)
diff --git a/examples/raycaster/main.go b/examples/raycaster/main.go
index 567e704..69256d7 100644
--- a/examples/raycaster/main.go
+++ b/examples/raycaster/main.go
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ func main () {
 }
 
 func run () {
-	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(640, 480)
+	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(tomo.Bounds(0, 0, 640, 480))
 	window.SetTitle("Raycaster")
 
 	container := containers.NewContainer(layouts.Vertical { false, false })
diff --git a/examples/scroll/main.go b/examples/scroll/main.go
index bf59682..2436bd9 100644
--- a/examples/scroll/main.go
+++ b/examples/scroll/main.go
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ func main () {
 }
 
 func run () {
-	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(360, 240)
+	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(tomo.Bounds(0, 0, 360, 240))
 	window.SetTitle("Scroll")
 	container := containers.NewContainer(layouts.Vertical { true, true })
 	window.Adopt(container)
diff --git a/examples/spacer/main.go b/examples/spacer/main.go
index 0a1a447..92d6855 100644
--- a/examples/spacer/main.go
+++ b/examples/spacer/main.go
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ func main () {
 }
 
 func run () {
-	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(2, 2)
+	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(tomo.Bounds(0, 0, 0, 0))
 	window.SetTitle("Spaced Out")
 
 	container := containers.NewContainer(layouts.Vertical { true, true })
diff --git a/examples/switch/main.go b/examples/switch/main.go
index 0750631..2c7ccda 100644
--- a/examples/switch/main.go
+++ b/examples/switch/main.go
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ func main () {
 }
 
 func run () {
-	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(2, 2)
+	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(tomo.Bounds(0, 0, 0, 0))
 	window.SetTitle("Switches")
 
 	container := containers.NewContainer(layouts.Vertical { true, true })
diff --git a/examples/table/main.go b/examples/table/main.go
index 1cb9d04..23592f6 100644
--- a/examples/table/main.go
+++ b/examples/table/main.go
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ func main () {
 }
 
 func run () {
-	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(2, 2)
+	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(tomo.Bounds(0, 0, 0, 0))
 	window.SetTitle("Table")
 
 	container := containers.NewContainer(layouts.Vertical { true, true })
diff --git a/examples/test/main.go b/examples/test/main.go
index 5bdab16..d4c352f 100644
--- a/examples/test/main.go
+++ b/examples/test/main.go
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ func main () {
 }
 
 func run () {
-	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(128, 128)
+	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(tomo.Bounds(0, 0, 128, 128))
 	window.SetTitle("hellorld!")
 	window.Adopt(testing.NewMouse())
 	window.OnClose(tomo.Stop)
diff --git a/examples/verticalLayout/main.go b/examples/verticalLayout/main.go
index c48a381..ddced0a 100644
--- a/examples/verticalLayout/main.go
+++ b/examples/verticalLayout/main.go
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ func main () {
 }
 
 func run () {
-	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(128, 128)
+	window, _ := tomo.NewWindow(tomo.Bounds(0, 0, 128, 128))
 	window.SetTitle("vertical stack")
 
 	container := containers.NewContainer(layouts.Vertical { true, true })
diff --git a/popups/dialog.go b/popups/dialog.go
index 8a0b522..8339c2c 100644
--- a/popups/dialog.go
+++ b/popups/dialog.go
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package popups
 
+import "image"
 import "git.tebibyte.media/sashakoshka/tomo"
 import "git.tebibyte.media/sashakoshka/tomo/layouts"
 import "git.tebibyte.media/sashakoshka/tomo/elements"
@@ -36,9 +37,9 @@ func NewDialog (
 	window tomo.Window,
 ) {
 	if parent == nil {
-		window, _ = tomo.NewWindow(2, 2)
+		window, _ = tomo.NewWindow(image.Rectangle { })
 	} else {
-		window, _ = parent.NewModal(2, 2)
+		window, _ = parent.NewModal(image.Rectangle { })
 	}
 	window.SetTitle(title)
 
diff --git a/tomo.go b/tomo.go
index 7273c5c..28a57a3 100644
--- a/tomo.go
+++ b/tomo.go
@@ -47,6 +47,11 @@ func SetConfig (config Config) {
 	backend.SetConfig(config)
 }
 
+// Bounds creates a rectangle from an x, y, width, and height.
+func Bounds (x, y, width, height int) image.Rectangle {
+	return image.Rect(x, y, x + width, y + height)
+}
+
 func assertBackend () {
 	if backend == nil { panic("no backend is running") }
 }