+This guide encompasses usage of IBM-compatible, amd64 processor architecture computers, particularly with POSIX and other UNIX-like operating systems like Linux and DragonflyBSD. +Non-standard, proprietary operating systems such as Microsoft Windows or OS/2 are out of scope. +
-An ACPI client is a program that displays computer ACPI information, typically power and thermal statuses.
-The usual text program used is acpi(1).
+The Advanced Configuration and Power Interface, or ACPI, is the interface through which the operating system and client programs can control features in your computer's firmware.
+Usually this is used with an ACPI client or opaquely controlled by the operating environment.
+
+On Linux, acpi(1) can be used to read and control ACPI events manually.
+acpid(8), elogind(8),
+SystemD, and many desktop environments can control the ACPI automatically.
+
+On NetBSD, see acpi(4).
+For compilation, tcc(1), gcc(1), and clang(1) are all reasonable choices depending on your needs.
+
+On Alpine Linux, the standard library headers are in the musl-dev package.
+
+In most system package managers, standard library documentation can be found in the man-pages and man-pages-posix packages.
+
+Many Linux software distributions' system package managers have meta-packages that pull all necessities for C development as dependencies.
+Alpine has build-base and Debian has build-essential.
+
+Don't use echo(1), use printf(1).
+printf(1) simulates the printf(3) function in the C standard I/O library which has no significant variations, whereas the functionality of echo(1) can vary between vendors.
+The following sh(1) program provides echo(1) through printf(1):
+
+#!/bin/sh +printf "%s" "$*" ++ +
See fstab(5).
postmarketOS requires that the localmount OpenRC service be enabled for the system to read fstab(5).
+
Arch and Artix have fstab generators at genfstab(8) and fstabgen(8) respectively in their installation scripts.
+Most audio servers recommend that they be run in userspace with user privileges, with PulseAudio going so far as to exiting when run as root without additional configuration.
+The Alpine wiki currently recommends pipewire(1), with postmarketOS, which is based on Alpine, coming pre-configured with PipeWire.
+PipeWire is relatively new and the typical audio server used is PulseAudio; Debian and many popular Debian-based distributions come pre-configured with PulseAudio.
+
+The Alpine wiki ("Adding sound") says to install alsa-conf, alsa-lib, and alsa-utils,
+add yourself to the audio group, and then do some more configuration that I've never needed to do:
+Use alsamixer(1) to find a working sound card (press F6 from the first screen ALSAMixer presents)
+and edit /usr/share/alsa/alsa.conf and change defaults.ctl.card and defaults.pcm.card to the sound card that works.
+
+The Alpine wiki doesn't mention this but you'll need to enable the alsa OpenRC service and either start it or reboot.
+I also installed gstreamer but I don't know why.
+
+ALSA is clunky, many people prefer to use a frontend such as Pipewire or PulseAudio that exposes its own interface while remaining compatible with ALSA. +
++Deprecated, unfortunately. +
+
+Provided by the pipewire package on Alpine.
+
+RTKit error: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown ++
+This means you need rtkit installed and running through your initialization system.
+
+On Alpine you'll need the pulseaudio, pulseaudio-alsa, and alsa-plugins-pulse packages for PulseAudio with ALSA compatibility.
+Start pulseaudio(1) when you want audio, ideally in your .xinitrc.
+
+Linux is usually obtained as part of a software distribution put together to form a useable operating system. +
+ +
Alpine doesn't include man pages in program packages to save on space, instead keeping them in [package]-doc sibling packages.
To always install doc packages with program packages, apk add docs.
-postmarketOS is an Alpine-based Linux software distribution that makes configuring and using Linux easy on mobile devices. -
-
-By default, postmarketOS will generate a random software MAC address when connecting to a new WLAN network.
-You can disable this by adding a NetworkManager rule.
-In /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/ you can make a file with any name that has the following:
-
-[device]
-wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=no
-
-On a live system you can then rc-service networkmanager restart to restart NetworkManager and have it load the new configuration.
-
-On Artix, use basestrap(8).
-On Arch, use pacstrap(8).
+Arch is known for using the latest versions of programs, which has given it an undeserved reputation of instability.
+
+Use pacstrap(8).
-At a minimum you need base on both Arch and Artix.
-On Artix, you need to select the initialization you want to use: 66, dinit, openrc, runit, or s6-base.
-On both Arch and Artix, select a kernel; linux, linux-lts, or another Linux configuration or fork.
-Arch says you need to install linux-firmware, technically you don't need to do so but you should.
-Artix says you need to install the appropriate elogind package (elogind-$(INIT_SYSTEM); e.g. elogind-66).
-This isn't necessary if you aren't using elogind, but you most likely want elogind.
+At a minimum you need the base package.
+Select a kernel and install the corresponding package; linux, linux-lts, or another Linux configuration or fork.
+The Arch wiki says you need to install linux-firmware, this isn't strictly necessary but it is recommended.
Install base-devel if you plan on using the AUR or if you don't know what the AUR is yet.
@@ -92,7 +198,7 @@ It's also a good idea to install any utilities you'll need on the bootstrapped s
Text editors, network managers or utilities, and other administration tools, for example.
Manual utilities such as man-db and others would also be useful.
From the anals of my notes, 2021-06-04:
Had an issue with pacman missing some ubiquitous packages (esr's `ascii`, xorg-xev, etc). @@ -127,72 +233,81 @@ Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist-arch #Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist-arch ```- -
-For compilation, tcc(1), gcc(1), and clang(1) are all reasonable choices depending on your needs.
+Artix refers to the series of Arch derivatives which use initialization systems other than SystemD's.
-On Alpine Linux, the standard library headers are in the musl-dev package.
-
-In most system package managers, standard library documentation can be found in the man-pages and man-pages-posix packages.
-
-Many Linux software distributions' system package managers have meta-packages that pull all necessities for C development as dependencies.
-Alpine has build-base and Debian has build-essential.
+This process differs from Arch's bootstrapping process.
+Artix uses basestrap(8) rather than pacstrap(8);
+you need to select the initialization you want to use: 66, dinit, openrc, runit, or s6-base, as a package separate from base;
+and Artix's official wiki says you need to install the appropriate elogind package (elogind-[initialization system] e.g. elogind-66) but like linux-firmware though it is helpful it isn't strictly necessary.
-Debian is a Linux software distribution known for its stability and longevity. +Debian is known for its stability and longevity. Debian uses SystemD as its initialization system, the GNU core utilities, and dpkg and apt for package management.
-+While it's possible to use non-Linux kernels within Debian, it's uncommon and the only non-Linux option currently maintained is the GNU HURD microkernel. +
++pkgsrc can be used on Debian. +
+ ++postmarketOS is an Alpine-based Linux software distribution that makes configuring and using Linux easy on mobile devices. +
+
+By default, postmarketOS will generate a random software MAC address when connecting to a new WLAN network.
+You can disable this by adding a NetworkManager rule.
+In /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/ you can make a file with any name that has the following:
+
+[device]
+wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=no
+
+On a live system you can then rc-service networkmanager restart to restart NetworkManager and have it load the new configuration.
+
+Ubuntu is a derivative of Debian. +
-
-Don't use echo(1), use printf(1).
-printf(1) simulates the printf(3) function in the C standard I/O library which has no significant variations, whereas the functionality of echo(1) can vary between vendors.
-The following sh(1) program provides echo(1) through printf(1):
+logind (systemd-logind.service(8)) is a component of SystemD that exposes information about active users on the system via the org.freedesktop.login1 D-Bus interface which is used by the popular desktop environments GNOME and KDE.
+It also handles ACPI events.
+It can be configured in logind.conf(5).
+
+On systems without SystemD and with conflicting software, elogind(8) may be used.
-#!/bin/sh -printf "%s" "$*" --
See fstab(5).
postmarketOS requires that the localmount OpenRC service be enabled for the system to read fstab(5).
-
Arch and Artix have fstab generators at genfstab(8) and fstabgen(8) respectively in their installation scripts.
Use elogind.
@@ -308,18 +421,6 @@ Configuration is in /etc/conf.d/dmcrypt and further configuration s
-Available as sysutils/pciutils from pkgsrc.
-Supplies lspci(8), setpci(8), and update-pciids(8).
-
-update-pciids(8) is not part of the pciutils package in Alpine Linux repositories.
-
+Available as sysutils/pciutils from pkgsrc.
+Supplies lspci(8), setpci(8), and update-pciids(8).
+
+update-pciids(8) is not part of the pciutils package in Alpine Linux repositories.
+
+NetBSD includes pcictl(8) which offers similar functionality.
+pcictl pci0 list outputs roughly the same information as lspci(8), though lspci(8) may offer slightly more detailed information.
+
pkgtools/pkg_rolling_replace.
-Much of this can be configured in the ACPI settings in your login manager, provided you have one running that can do this.
-Check out tlp for Thinkpads and some other Lenovo devices.
+Power is managed by ACPI. +
ssh-keyge
This generates an Ed25519 SSH key with an e-mail address in the key comment.
+Pronunciation
+
Task management
top(1) comes with busybox, otherwise use htop.
@@ -559,55 +681,6 @@ and xsetroot as xorg-xsetroot.
Alpine has xinput as xinput.
-Audio
-
-Most audio servers recommend that they be run in userspace with user privileges, with PulseAudio going so far as to exiting when run as root without additional configuration.
-The Alpine wiki currently recommends pipewire(1), with postmarketOS, which is based on Alpine, coming pre-configured with PipeWire.
-PipeWire is relatively new and the typical audio server used is PulseAudio; Debian and many popular Debian-based distributions come pre-configured with PulseAudio.
-
-ALSA
-
-- Adding sound (Alpine Linux Wiki)
-- ALSA lib conf Evaluate error
-- ALSA lib pcm_dmix.c:1108:(snd_pcm_dmix_open) unable to open slave
-
-
-The Alpine wiki ("Adding sound") says to install alsa-conf, alsa-lib, and alsa-utils,
-add yourself to the audio group, and then do some more configuration that I've never needed to do:
-Use alsamixer(1) to find a working sound card (press F6 from the first screen ALSAMixer presents)
-and edit /usr/share/alsa/alsa.conf and change defaults.ctl.card and defaults.pcm.card to the sound card that works.
-
-
-The Alpine wiki doesn't mention this but you'll need to enable the alsa OpenRC service and either start it or reboot.
-I also installed gstreamer but I don't know why.
-
-
-ALSA is clunky, many people prefer to use a frontend such as Pipewire or PulseAudio that exposes its own interface while remaining compatible with ALSA.
-
-OSS
-
-Deprecated, unfortunately.
-
-PipeWire
-
-
-Provided by the pipewire package on Alpine.
-
-
-RTKit error: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown
-
-
-This means you need rtkit installed and running through your initialization system.
-
-PulseAudio
-
-On Alpine you'll need the pulseaudio, pulseaudio-alsa, and alsa-plugins-pulse packages for PulseAudio with ALSA compatibility.
-Start pulseaudio(1) when you want audio, ideally in your .xinitrc.
-
-
Media
mpv(1) and vlc(1) are good options.