14 lines
1.2 KiB
Markdown
14 lines
1.2 KiB
Markdown
## Innovation
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#### Innovation and potential innovators are restricted by issues like wealth, and wealth used by pharmaceutical companies is oftentimes wasted in large part on advertising.
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* [Bell et al. 19](https://academic.oup.com/qje/article/134/2/647/5218522)
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* Uses data from 1.2 million inventors from patent records linked to tax records
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* Finds that **certain characteristics at birth** (gender, race, parents’ socioeconomic class) in addition to **certain environmental characteristics** (exposure to innovation-rich areas, living around innovators) **have a significant correlation with the likelihood of that person becoming an inventor later on in life**
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* **Women and minorities are exposed less to relevant environmental factors**, explaining why they don’t innovate as much as white men
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* [European Innovation Scoreboard 19](https://ec.europa.eu/growth/industry/policy/innovation/scoreboards_en)
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* In Europe, countries with functional safety nets (mainly in Scandinavia and Western Europe) perform better when it comes to innovation
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<img src="https://github.com/NB419/source-library/blob/master/images/r&d.jpg?raw=true" height="35%" width="35%">
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