2.5 KiB
2.5 KiB
Genetics
Race is an arbitrary social category: there is more differentiation among members of a race than between races. This is backed up by a consensus among anthropology researchers and experts.
- Yu et al. 02
- There are larger genetic differences within african populations than between africans and eurasians
- In other words, race does not indicate significant genetic differences and is only phenotypic in nature.
- Witherspoon et al. 07
- Further explores human genetic similarities between and within races.
- Research comes to the same conclusion: “Most human genetic variation is found within populations, not between them”
- Harvard: Chou 17
- A further look at what studies say about genetic variation
- Stanford 02
- Only 7.4% of over 4000 alleles were specific to one geographical region
- Even when region-specific alleles did appear, they only occurred in about 1% of the people from that region—hardly enough to be any kind of trademark
- Stanford
- Over 92% of alleles were found in two or more regions, and almost half of the alleles studied were present in all seven major geographical regions.
- The observation that the vast majority of the alleles were shared over multiple regions, or even throughout the entire world, points to the fundamental similarity of all people around the world—an idea that has been supported by many other studies
- Wagner et al. 12
- Assessment of anthropological experts on race
- The study finds a broad consensus in the field of anthropology that race is a social category, not a biologically significant one.
- American Society of Human Genetics 18
- A look into the academic consensus on race in the field of genetics
- “Genetics demonstrates that humans cannot be divided into biologically distinct subcategories.”
- “Most human genetic variation is distributed as a gradient, so distinct boundaries between population groups cannot be accurately assigned.”