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m4ification

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dtb 2022-11-24 11:50:35 -05:00
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@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
_header(`Linux')
<UL>
<LI>_link(`How to Linux', `http://tldp.yolinux.com/HOWTO/subdir/HOWTO-INDEX.html')</LI>
<LI>_link(`How to Use User Mode Linux', `https://christine.website/blog/howto-usermode-linux-2019-07-07')</LI>
<LI><A HREF="https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~awb/linux.history.html">LINUX's History</A></LI>
<LI>_link(`The Linux Kernel documentation', `https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v4.17/index.html')</LI>
<LI>_link(`LINUX is obsolete', `https://groups.google.com/g/comp.os.minix/c/wlhw16QWltI')</LI>
<LI>_link(`Linux From Scratch', `http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/')</LI>
<LI>_link(`Move your Linux from BIOS to UEFI in place', `https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/bios-uefi')</LI>
<LI><A HREF="https://www.collabora.com/news-and-blog/blog/2020/08/27/using-the-linux-kernel-case-insensitive-feature-in-ext4/">Using the Linux kernel's Case-insensitive feature in Ext4</A></LI>
</UL>
_bibliography(`
_bentr(`_link(`How to Linux', `http://tldp.yolinux.com/HOWTO/subdir/HOWTO-INDEX.html')')
_bentr(`_link(`How to Use User Mode Linux', `https://christine.website/blog/howto-usermode-linux-2019-07-07')')
_bentr(`<A HREF="https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~awb/linux.history.html">LINUX's History</A>')
_bentr(`_link(`The Linux Kernel documentation', `https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v4.17/index.html')')
_bentr(`_link(`LINUX is obsolete', `https://groups.google.com/g/comp.os.minix/c/wlhw16QWltI')')
_bentr(`_link(`Linux From Scratch', `http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/')')
_bentr(`_link(`Move your Linux from BIOS to UEFI in place', `https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/bios-uefi')')
_bentr(`<A HREF="https://www.collabora.com/news-and-blog/blog/2020/08/27/using-the-linux-kernel-case-insensitive-feature-in-ext4/">Using the Linux kernel's Case-insensitive feature in Ext4</A>')
')
<H3 ID="#Linux#ACPI">ACPI</H3>
_subheader(`ACPI')
_bibliography(`
_bentr(`_ref(`#ACPI')')
')
@ -32,11 +32,11 @@ The Alpine wiki currently recommends _man(`pipewire(1)'), with postmarketOS, whi
PipeWire is relatively new and the typical audio server used is PulseAudio; Debian and many popular Debian-based distributions come pre-configured with PulseAudio.
</P>
_subsubheader(`ALSA')
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Main_Page/Adding_sound">Adding sound</A> (Alpine Linux Wiki)</LI>
<LI><A HREF="https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=256857">ALSA lib conf Evaluate error</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="https://dev.to/setevoy/linux-alsa-lib-pcmdmixc1108sndpcmdmixopen-unable-to-open-slave-38on">ALSA lib pcm_dmix.c:1108:(snd_pcm_dmix_open) unable to open slave</A></LI>
</UL>
_bibliography(`
_bentr(`<A HREF="https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Main_Page/Adding_sound">Adding sound</A> (Alpine Linux Wiki)')
_bentr(`<A HREF="https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=256857">ALSA lib conf Evaluate error</A>')
_bentr(`<A HREF="https://dev.to/setevoy/linux-alsa-lib-pcmdmixc1108sndpcmdmixopen-unable-to-open-slave-38on">ALSA lib pcm_dmix.c:1108:(snd_pcm_dmix_open) unable to open slave</A>')
')
<P>
The Alpine wiki ("Adding sound") says to install _code(`alsa-conf'), _code(`alsa-lib'), and _code(`alsa-utils'),
add yourself to the _code(`audio') group, and then do some more configuration that I've never needed to do:
@ -50,15 +50,15 @@ I also installed _code(`gstreamer') but I don't know why.
<P>
ALSA is clunky, many people prefer to use a frontend such as Pipewire or PulseAudio that exposes its own interface while remaining compatible with ALSA.
</P>
<H4>OSS</H4>
_subsubheader(`OSS')
<P>
Deprecated, unfortunately.
</P>
<H4>PipeWire</H4>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/PipeWire">PipeWire</A> (Alpine Linux Wiki)</LI>
<LI><A HREF="https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/pipewire/pipewire/-/wikis/home">PipeWire</A> (FreeDesktop Wiki)</LI>
</UL>
_subsubheader(`PipeWire')
_bibliography(`
_bentr(`<A HREF="https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/PipeWire">PipeWire</A> (Alpine Linux Wiki)')
_bentr(`<A HREF="https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/pipewire/pipewire/-/wikis/home">PipeWire</A> (FreeDesktop Wiki)')
')
<P>
Provided by the _code(`pipewire') package on Alpine.
</P>
@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ RTKit error: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown
<P>
This means you need _program(`rtkit') installed and running through your initialization system.
</P>
<H4>PulseAudio</H4>
_subsubheader(`PulseAudio')
<P>
On Alpine you'll need the _program(`pulseaudio'), _program(`pulseaudio-alsa'), and _program(`alsa-plugins-pulse') packages for PulseAudio with ALSA compatibility.
Start _man(`pulseaudio(1)') when you want audio, ideally in your _file(`.xinitrc').
@ -78,14 +78,14 @@ _subheader(`Distributions')
<P>
Linux is usually obtained as part of a software distribution put together to form a useable operating system.
</P>
<H4>Alpine</H4>
_subsubheader(`Alpine')
<P>
Alpine Linux is a small Linux distribution based on musl libc.
Its main purpose is to serve as a server distribution, however many have found use for it as a desktop distribution.
</P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="https://pkgs.alpinelinux.org/contents">Alpine repositories content search</A></LI>
</UL>
_bibliography(`
_bentr(`<A HREF="https://pkgs.alpinelinux.org/contents">Alpine repositories content search</A>')
')
<H5>Bootstrapping</H5>
<P>
Alpine's bootstrapping procedure is quite manual; you should probably use _program(`setup-alpine').
@ -102,7 +102,10 @@ http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/testing
</PRE>
_code(`edge') may be replaced with a stable branch, the latest being _code(`v3.17') as of writing.
</LI>
<LI>Run _command(`apk --root /mnt add --initdb alpine-base'). This is an ordinary _man(`apk-add(8)') call; you may wish to install necessities such as a kernel, firmware, and a bootloader at the same time.</LI>
<LI>
Run _command(`apk --root /mnt add --initdb alpine-base').
This is an ordinary _man(`apk-add(8)') call; you may wish to install necessities such as a kernel, firmware, and a bootloader at the same time.
</LI>
</UL>
<P>
Alpine does not have a _man(`chroot(1)') helper; you must manually do that with a one-liner such as
@ -117,7 +120,7 @@ After chrooting in, you must configure basics such as users, passwords, _man(`fs
Alpine doesn't include man pages in program packages to save on space, instead keeping them in _code(`[<I>package</I>]-doc') sibling packages.
To always install doc packages with program packages, _code(`apk add docs').
</P>
<H4>Arch</H4>
_subsubheader(`Arch')
<P>
Arch is known for using the latest versions of programs, which has given it an undeserved reputation of instability.
</P>
@ -171,11 +174,11 @@ Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist-arch
#Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist-arch
'''
</PRE>
<H4>Artix</H4>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="https://artixlinux.org/">Artix Linux</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artix_Linux">Artix Linux</A> (Wikipedia)</LI>
</UL>
_subsubheader(`Artix')
_bibliography(`
_bentr(`<A HREF="https://artixlinux.org/">Artix Linux</A>')
_bentr(`<A HREF="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artix_Linux">Artix Linux</A> (Wikipedia)')
')
<P>
Artix is a Linux software distribution based on Arch that doesn't mandate SystemD as its initialization system.
</P>
@ -187,11 +190,11 @@ you need to select the initialization you want to use: _code(`66'), _code(`dinit
and Artix's official wiki says you need to install the appropriate _link(`#logind', `_code(`elogind')') package (_code(`elogind-[<I>initialization system</I>]') e.g. _code(`elogind-66')) but like _code(`linux-firmware') though it is helpful it isn't strictly necessary.
</P>
<H4>Debian</H4>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="https://www.debian.org/">Debian</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debian">Debian</A> (Wikipedia)</LI>
</UL>
_subsubheader(`Debian')
_bibliography(`
_bentr(`<A HREF="https://www.debian.org/">Debian</A>')
_bentr(`<A HREF="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debian">Debian</A> (Wikipedia)')
')
<P>
Debian is known for its stability and longevity.
Debian uses SystemD as its initialization system, the GNU core utilities, and dpkg and apt for package management.
@ -200,7 +203,7 @@ Debian uses SystemD as its initialization system, the GNU core utilities, and dp
While it's possible to use non-Linux kernels within Debian, it's uncommon and the only non-Linux option currently maintained is the GNU HURD microkernel.
</P>
<H4>postmarketOS</H4>
_subsubheader(`postmarketOS')
<P>
postmarketOS is an Alpine-based Linux software distribution that makes configuring and using Linux easy on mobile devices.
</P>
@ -218,21 +221,21 @@ wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=no
On a live system you can then _code(`rc-service networkmanager restart') to restart NetworkManager and have it load the new configuration.
</P>
<H4>Ubuntu</H4>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="https://securitylab.github.com/research/Ubuntu-gdm3-accountsservice-LPE/">How to get root on Ubuntu 20.04 by pretending nobody's /home</A></LI>
</UL>
_subsubheader(`Ubuntu')
_bibliography(`
_bentr(`<A HREF="https://securitylab.github.com/research/Ubuntu-gdm3-accountsservice-LPE/">How to get root on Ubuntu 20.04 by pretending nobody's /home</A>')
')
<P>
Ubuntu is a derivative of Debian.
</P>
_subheader(`logind')
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="https://github.com/elogind/elogind">elogind</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Elogind">elogind</A> (Gentoo Wiki)</LI>
<LI><A HREF="https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/org.freedesktop.login1.html">org.freedesktop.login1</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="https://nixos.wiki/wiki/Logind">logind</A> (NixOS Wiki)</LI>
</UL>
_bibliography(`
_bentr(`<A HREF="https://github.com/elogind/elogind">elogind</A>')
_bentr(`<A HREF="https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Elogind">elogind</A> (Gentoo Wiki)')
_bentr(`<A HREF="https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/org.freedesktop.login1.html">org.freedesktop.login1</A>')
_bentr(`<A HREF="https://nixos.wiki/wiki/Logind">logind</A> (NixOS Wiki)')
')
<P>
logind (_code(`systemd-logind.service(8)')) is a component of SystemD that exposes information about active users on the system via the org.freedesktop.login1 D-Bus interface which is used by the popular desktop environments GNOME and KDE.
It also handles _ref(`#ACPI') events.
@ -243,9 +246,9 @@ On systems without SystemD and with conflicting software, _code(`elogind(8)') ma
</P>
_subheader(`util-linux')
<UL>
<LI>_link(`util-linux', `https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Util-linux') (Wikipedia)</LI>
</UL>
_bibliography(`
_bentr(`_link(`util-linux', `https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Util-linux') (Wikipedia)')
')
<P>
_code(`util-linux') is distributed on all popular Linux distributions and contains utilities users may expect to be already present on their systems, like _man(`more(1)') or _man(`hexdump(1)').
</P>