pushing random stuff yall
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@ -200,6 +200,7 @@ _bentr(`_link(`Interview with Ken Thompson`,' 9-6-89', `https://tuhs.v6sh.org/Un
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')
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_passage(`Interview with Ken Thompson, 9-6-89', `<P>We stole a shell out of a MULTICS, the concept of a shell. We stole per process execution. You know create a process -execute the command. From a combination of the two, although, neither of them really did it, MULTICS wanted to do it. But, it was so expensive creating a process that it ended up creating a few processes and then using them and putting them back on the shelf, then picking them up and reinitializing them. So, they never really created a process for command because it was just too expensive. The ION direction and the stuff like that and later in fact streams came from um the IO switch, that we worked on in MULTICS. Having everything work the same and just directing, you know, changing what it really pointed to.</P>')
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_subheader(`true(1)')
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_bibliography(`
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_bentr(`<A HREF="http://trillian.mit.edu/~jc/;-)/ATT_Copyright_true.html">CHAMBERS John - The /bin/true Command and Copyright</A>')
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@ -9,25 +9,29 @@ _bentr(`_link(`The UNIX Time-sharing System - A Retrospective', `https://web.arc
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_passage(`Wikipedia', `<P>
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Unix (/ˈjuːnɪks/; trademarked as UNIX) is a family of multitasking, multiuser computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, whose development started in 1969 at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others.
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</P>')
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_subheader(`V1')
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_bibliography(`
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_bentr(`_link(`Rudd Canaday', `https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudd_Canaday') (Wikipedia)')
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_bentr(`_link(`The Creation of the UNIX Operating System', `https://web.archive.org/web/20140402192351/http://www.bell-labs.com/history/unix/')')
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_bentr(`_link(`The Evolution of the Unix Time-sharing System', `https://www.bell-labs.com/usr/dmr/www/hist.html')')
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_bentr(`_link(`Douglas McIlroy', `https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_McIlroy') (Wikipedia)')
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_bentr(`_link(`The History of Unix', `https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1983-08/page/n189/')')
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_bentr(`_link(`Interview with Brian Kernighan', `https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/7035')')
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_bentr(`_link(`Interview with Ken Thompson, 9-6-89', `https://tuhs.v6sh.org/UnixArchiveMirror/Documentation/OralHistory/transcripts/thompson.htm')')
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_bentr(`_link(`Douglas McIlroy', `https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_McIlroy') (Wikipedia)')
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_bentr(`_link(`Myths about Multics', `https://www.multicians.org/myths.html')')
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_bentr(`_link(`Joe Ossanna', `https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Ossanna') (Wikipedia)')
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_bentr(`_link(`Preliminary Unix Implementation Document - June 1972', `http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/bellLabs/unix/PreliminaryUnixImplementationDocument_Jun72.pdf')')
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_bentr(`_link(`Ken Thompson', `https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Thompson') (Wikipedia)')
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_bentr(`_link(`Unix History', `https://livinginternet.com/i/iw_unix_dev.htm')')
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_bentr(`_link(`Unix and Multics', `https://www.multicians.org/unix.html')')
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_bentr(`_link(`The Unix Oral History Project', `https://web.archive.org/web/20080919055843/http://www.princeton.edu:80/~mike/expotape.htm')')
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_bentr(`<A HREF="http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/bellLabs/unix/UNIX_ProgrammersManual_Nov71.pdf">UNIX Programmers Manual - November 1971</A>')
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')
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<P>
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UNIX was an operating systems experiment started when Bell Labs started to leave the Multics project because most of their community felt Multics hadn't delivered what it promised,
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its titular _italic(`mult')iplexed _italic(`i')nformation and _italic(`c')omputing _italic(`s')ervice.
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The Bell Labs engineers working on Multics at the time (Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Malcolm Douglas Mcilroy, and Joseph Frank Ossanna) had realized Multics' goal as a system but at an unsustainable cost,
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The Bell Labs engineers working on Multics at the time (Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Malcolm Douglas McIlroy, and Joseph Frank Ossanna) had realized Multics' goal as a system but at an unsustainable cost,
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so, reading the writing on the wall, they began working on a new operating system and unsuccessfully lobbying Bell Labs for their own computer on which to work.
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Thompson, Rudd H. Canaday, and Ritchie developed a heirarchical file system and Thompson simulated it on Multics.
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Thompson also developed _cite(`Space Travel'), first for Multics, then for another operating system where it ran poorly.
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@ -36,6 +40,30 @@ Thompson rewrote the game to run on a spare PDP-7 at Bell.
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Having written so much code already to get the PDP-7 to work, Thompson started to work on other things for it; a file system, some utilities for it, a command interpreter, and an assembler.
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Then, mid-1970, Brian Kernighan named the non-multiplexing Multics workalike _italic(`Unics'), which was somehow (see _cite(`Interview with Brian Kernighan')) bastardized into _italic(`Unix').
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</P>
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_subheader(`V5')
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_bibliography(`
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_bentr(`_link(`The UNIX time-sharing system', `https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/361011.361061')')
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')
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_passage(`Unix and Multics',
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`<P>
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There had been a highly regarded ACM SIGOPS sponsored conference on operating systems at Gatlinburg, Tennessee in 1967.
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The fourth of these conferences was held in Yorktown Heights, NY in 1973, and Ken and Dennis gave a talk there, presenting Unix.
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Several of us Multicians went to the conference, and sat with the Bell Labs ex-Multicians, and applauded the paper, which was and remains one of the best and clearest pieces of writing in the computer field.
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There were some other great papers at that conference, but as I remember, the Unix paper won the best paper award.
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</P>'
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<P>
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I was working for MIT in those days`,' and one thing I did was to organize an MIT PDP-11 users' group and encourage them to look into Unix.
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The idea of a free`,' non-vendor-supported operating system was new to them.
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I invited Dennis Ritchie to come up and talk to them.
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</P>
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<P>
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We went to lunch afterward`,' and I remarked to Dennis that easily half the code I was writing in Multics was error recovery code.
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He said`,' "We left all that stuff out. If there's an error`,' we have this routine called panic()`,' and when it is called`,' the machine crashes`,' and you holler down the hall`,' 'Hey`,' reboot it.'"
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</P>
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)
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_subheader(`V6')
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_bibliography(`
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_bentr(`_link(`Unix Sixth Edition root tree', `https://minnie.tuhs.org/cgi-bin/utree.pl?file=V6')')
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