fixed global time problem

src/main.rs

@@ -1,22 +1,32 @@
 use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+
+// loop constants
 const UPDATE_INTERVAL: u32 = 40;
 const DEBUG_LOOP: bool = false;
 
+// physics constants
+const GRAVITY: f32 = -9.8;
+
 // a struct made for physics objects
 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
 struct PhysicsObject {
 	location: [f32; 3],
-	velocity: [f32; 3]
+	velocity: [f32; 3],
+    gravity_enabled: bool
 }
 
 fn main() {
+    // global time
+    let mut time = Duration::new(0,0);
+
     // track the delta time (the duration of the previous loop in milliseconds)
     let mut delta_time = Duration::new(0, 0);
 
     // create a test physics object
     let mut test_object = PhysicsObject {
-        location: [0.0, 0.0, 0.0],
-        velocity: [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
+        location: [0.0, 0.0, 100.0],
+        velocity: [0.0, 0.0, 0.0],
+        gravity_enabled: true
     };
 
     loop {
@@ -25,51 +35,62 @@ fn main() {
 
         // update
         if delta_time.as_millis() as u32 >= UPDATE_INTERVAL {
-            if DEBUG_LOOP {
-                println!("Updating");
-            }
             update(delta_time, &mut test_object);
 
+            // DEBUG
+            println!("Time: {}ms | test_object | Location: {:?} | Velocity: {:?}", time.as_millis(), test_object.location, test_object.velocity);
+
+            // keep track of time
+            time += delta_time;
+
             // reset the delta time
-            delta_time = Instant::now().duration_since(start_time);
+            delta_time = Duration::new(0,0);
         }
-
-        // support interpolation via fractional "relative time"
-        let relative_time: f32 = delta_time.as_millis() as f32 / UPDATE_INTERVAL as f32;
-
-        if DEBUG_LOOP {
-            println!("Displaying | Delta Time: {}ms | Relative Time: {}", delta_time.as_millis(), relative_time);
-        }
-        display(relative_time, &test_object);
-
+        
         // update the time
         delta_time += Instant::now().duration_since(start_time);
+
+        display(delta_time, &test_object);
     }
 }
 
 // update function
 // TODO - I think I'm resetting delta time in the wrong place or just using it incorrectly; frameskips aren't happening at all
 fn update(delta_time: Duration, object: &mut PhysicsObject) {
-    // calculate the exact timestep (fractional time in seconds) from delta time
-    let timestep: f32 = delta_time.as_millis() as f32 / 1000.0;
-    println!("Timestep: {}", timestep);
-
-    // gravity
-    let acceleration: [f32; 3] = [0.0, 0.0, -9.8];
-
-    // update velocity based on acceleration (specifically gravity)
-    for i in 0..3 {
-        object.velocity[i] += acceleration[i] * timestep;
+    if DEBUG_LOOP {
+        println!("Updating");
     }
 
+    // calculate the exact timestep (fractional time in seconds) from delta time
+    let timestep: f32 = delta_time.as_millis() as f32 / 1000.0;
+    
     // update location based on velocity
     for i in 0..3 {
-        object.location[i] += object.velocity[i];
+        object.location[i] += timestep * object.velocity[i];
+    }
+
+    // gravity
+    if object.gravity_enabled {
+        object.velocity[2] += GRAVITY * timestep;
+    }
+
+    // prevent the object from going below the ground plane, and kill downward velocity upon "hitting" the ground plane
+    if object.location[2] <= 0.0 {
+        object.location[2] = 0.0;
+        object.velocity[2] = object.velocity[2].max(0.0);
     }
 }
 
 // render function
-fn display(interpolation: f32, object: &PhysicsObject) {
+fn display(delta_time: Duration, object: &PhysicsObject) {
+    // calculate interpolation via delta time
+    let interpolation: f32 = delta_time.as_millis() as f32 / UPDATE_INTERVAL as f32;
+
+    // DEBUG
+    if DEBUG_LOOP {
+        println!("Displaying | Delta Time: {}ms | Relative Time: {}", delta_time.as_millis(), interpolation);
+    }
+
     // create a "render object", which we can apply interpolation to
     let mut render_object = *object;
 
@@ -78,7 +99,8 @@ fn display(interpolation: f32, object: &PhysicsObject) {
         render_object.location[i] += render_object.velocity[i] * interpolation;
     }
 
-    println!("Object location: {:?}", render_object.location);
+    // DEBUG
+    // println!("test_object | Location: {:?} | Velocity: {:?}", render_object.location, render_object.velocity);
 }
 
 // 1D linear interpolation