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<A HREF="/thegame">/thegame</A>; <A HREF="/thegame">/thegame</A>;
<B>knowledge</B>: <B>knowledge</B>:
<A HREF="/knowledge/netbsd/">NetBSD</A>; <A HREF="/knowledge/netbsd/">NetBSD</A>;
<A HREF="/knowledge/true">true(1)</A>;
<B>shilling</B>: <B>shilling</B>:
<A HREF="#stickers">#stickers</A> <A HREF="#stickers">#stickers</A>
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<TITLE>true(1)</TITLE>
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<H1>POSIX true(1)</H1>
<H3>updated 2021-08-06</H3>
<HR ALIGN="left" SIZE="1" WIDTH="25%" />
<P>
<CODE>true(1)</CODE> is a tool that <I>only</I> quits silently with an exit status of 0.
Similarly, <CODE>false(1)</CODE> is a tool that <I>only</I> quits silently with an exit status of 1.
Recognizing arguments, printing to standard output, reading from standard input, or otherwise exiting with any other status of 0, is a violation of the POSIX specification for <CODE>true(1)</CODE>.
These utilities find use in shell scripting, which, though extremely relevant to these utilities, is beyond the scope of this article.
</P>
<P>
Because <CODE>true(1)</CODE>'s required functionality is so simple a POSIX-compliant implementation is a one-liner in most languages, so long as you're willing to make an exception in your code styling.
For example, in C:
</P>
<PRE><CODE CLASS="language-c" DATA-LANG="c">
int main(void) { return 0; }
</CODE></PRE>
<P>
Because executing an empty shellscript file will in most shells do nothing and return an exit status of 0, technically an empty shellscript file is a POSIX-compliant <CODE>true(1)</CODE> implementation in 0 bytes.
However (<B>TODO</B>) it's to me unknown whether this is implementation-specific or POSIX-specified.
The <I>usual</I> implementation in POSIX shell is also a one-liner if you ignore the shebang:
</P>
<PRE><CODE CLASS="language-shell" DATA-LANG="shell">
#!/bin/sh
exit 0
</CODE></PRE>
<P>
This happens to be nearly identical in source to the implementation used by NetBSD.
</P>
<P>
Here's <CODE><I>false</I>(1)</CODE> in Python rather than <CODE>true(1)</CODE> to demonstrate how exiting with an arbitrary exit status can be done:
</P>
<PRE><CODE CLASS="language-python" DATA-LANG="python">
import sys
sys.exit(1)
</CODE></PRE>
<P>
In some shells, <CODE>true(1)</CODE> is a shell built-in command, so running <CODE>true</CODE> will run the shell author's implementation of <CODE>true(1)</CODE> rather than the system implementation.
</P>
<P>
GNU <CODE>true(1)</CODE>, from the GNU coreutils, deserves a special mention, as it's eighty lines long and directly includes four C header files.
This is not a joke.
Their <CODE>true.c</CODE> is 2.3 kilobytes, parses the arguments <CODE>--help</CODE> and <CODE>--version</CODE> (only if either are the first argument to the program), and I don't know how big the executable ends up being because the first thing I do when I take control of a GNU system is <CODE>printf "#/bin/sh\nexit 0\n"|dd of="$(which true)";chmod +x "$(which true)"</CODE> (<B>use at your own risk</B>).
<H2>Cited media and further reading</H2><UL>
<LI>Articles<UL>
<LI><A HREF="https://www.muppetlabs.com/~breadbox/software/tiny/teensy.html">Brian Raiter - A Whirlwind Tutorial on Creating Really Teensy ELF Executables for Linux</A></LI>
</UL></LI>
<LI>Manual pages<UL>
<LI><A HREF="https://www.unix.com/man-page/posix/1p/true/">true(1p)</A> (The Open Group, 2003)</LI>
</UL></LI>
<LI>Notable true implementations<UL>
<LI><B>ongoing</B> started 1992 - <A HREF="https://www.gnu.org/">GNU</A>/<A HREF="https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/">coreutils</A> - <A HREF="https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/coreutils.git/tree/src/true.c">src/true.c</A></LI>
<LI><B>ongoing</B> forked from 4.4BSD-Lite2 - <A HREF="https://www.netbsd.org/">NetBSD</A>/<A HREF="https://github.com/NetBSD/src">src</A> - <A HREF="https://github.com/NetBSD/src/blob/trunk/usr.bin/true/true.sh">usr.bin/true/true.sh</A></LI>
</UL></LI>
</UL>
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