various stuff including doas(1)
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@ -303,6 +303,31 @@ Alpine has _code(`build-base') and Debian has _code(`build-essential').
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For linking to libraries, see _hyperlink(`#pkg-config', `pkg-config').
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</P>
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<H2 ID="doas">doas(1)</H2>
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<UL>
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<LI>_hyperlink(`http://man.openbsd.org/doas.1', `doas(1)') (OpenBSD)</LI>
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<LI>_hyperlink(`http://man.openbsd.org/doas.conf.5', `doas.conf(5)') (OpenBSD)</LI>
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<LI>_hyperlink(`https://flak.tedunangst.com/post/doas-mastery', `doas mastery')</LI>
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</UL>
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<P>
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_code(`doas(1)') is a systems administration tool that performs a command as a different user.
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_code(`doas(1)') is configured in _code(`doas.conf(5)').
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</P>
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<P>
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For a pretty typical configuration, where users in the <I>wheel</I> group are meant to be administrating the system, the set-up session usually looks something like this:
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</P>
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<PRE>
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$ su
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# ed /etc/doas.conf
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/etc/doas.conf: No such file or directory
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a
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permit :wheel
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.
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w
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14
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q
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</PRE>
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<H2 ID="fonts">Fonts</H2>
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<H2 ID="fstab">fstab</H2>
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@ -407,7 +432,7 @@ Manual utilities such as _code(`man-db') and others would also be useful.
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<H5>Ubiquitous packages missing</H5>
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<P>From the annals of my notes, 2021-06-04:</P>
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<PRE>
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Had an issue with pacman missing some ubiquitous packages (esr's `ascii`, xorg-xev, etc).
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Had an issue with pacman missing some ubiquitous packages (esr's 'ascii', xorg-xev, etc).
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This fixed it. I don't really know why - maybe some issues with my repos?
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This was cleanly installed artix-openrc.
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@ -415,7 +440,7 @@ This was cleanly installed artix-openrc.
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[5:46 PM] Bassman Leyla: Then I appended a config block a package maintainer gave me onto /etc/pacman.conf
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[5:46 PM] Bassman Leyla: I'll paste it in
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[5:47 PM] Bassman Leyla:
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```
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'''
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#
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# ARCHLINUX
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#
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@ -437,7 +462,7 @@ Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist-arch
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#[multilib]
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#Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist-arch
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```
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'''
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</PRE>
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<H4>Artix</H4>
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<UL>
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@ -445,14 +470,14 @@ Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist-arch
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<LI><A HREF="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artix_Linux">Artix Linux</A> (Wikipedia)</LI>
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</UL>
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<P>
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Artix refers to the series of Arch derivatives which use initialization systems other than SystemD's.
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Artix is a Linux software distribution based on Arch that doesn't mandate SystemD as its initialization system.
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</P>
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<H5>Bootstrapping</H5>
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<P>
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This process differs from Arch's bootstrapping process.
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Artix uses _code(`basestrap(8)') rather than _code(`pacstrap(8)');
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you need to select the initialization you want to use: _code(`66'), _code(`dinit'), _code(`openrc'), _code(`runit'), or _code(`s6-base'), as a package separate from _code(`base');
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and Artix's official wiki says you need to install the appropriate <A HREF="#logind">_code(`elogind')</A> package (_code(`elogind-[<I>initialization system</I>]') e.g. _code(`elogind-66')) but like _code(`linux-firmware') though it is helpful it isn't strictly necessary.
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and Artix's official wiki says you need to install the appropriate _hyperlink(`#logind', `_code(`elogind')') package (_code(`elogind-[<I>initialization system</I>]') e.g. _code(`elogind-66')) but like _code(`linux-firmware') though it is helpful it isn't strictly necessary.
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</P>
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<H4>Debian</H4>
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@ -467,9 +492,6 @@ Debian uses SystemD as its initialization system, the GNU core utilities, and dp
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<P>
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While it's possible to use non-Linux kernels within Debian, it's uncommon and the only non-Linux option currently maintained is the GNU HURD microkernel.
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</P>
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<P>
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<A HREF="#pkgsrc">pkgsrc</A> can be used on Debian.
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</P>
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<H4>postmarketOS</H4>
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<P>
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@ -506,7 +528,7 @@ Ubuntu is a derivative of Debian.
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</UL>
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<P>
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logind (_code(`systemd-logind.service(8)')) is a component of SystemD that exposes information about active users on the system via the org.freedesktop.login1 D-Bus interface which is used by the popular desktop environments GNOME and KDE.
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It also handles <A HREF="#acpi">ACPI</A> events.
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It also handles _hyperlink(`#ACPI', `ACPI') events.
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It can be configured in _code(`logind.conf(5)').
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</P>
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<P>
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@ -523,7 +545,7 @@ Xenia was an entry for the Linux logo competition which Tux eventually won.
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<H2 ID="m4">m4</H2>
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<UL>
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<LI>_hyperlink(`https://mbreen.com/m4.html', `Notes on the M4 Macro Language')</LI>
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<LI>_hyperlink(`https://mbreen.com/m4.html', `Notes on the M4 Macro Language')</LI>
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</UL>
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<H2>Make utility</H2>
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@ -767,8 +789,21 @@ This generates an <A HREF="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EdDSA#Ed25519">Ed25519<
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<UL>
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<LI><A HREF="https://www.linux.org/threads/common-pronunciations-of-linux-directories-commands-etc.4445/">Common pronunciations of Linux directories, commands, etc</A></LI>
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</UL>
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<H2>Task management</H2>
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<P>_code(`top(1)') comes with busybox, otherwise use _code(`htop').</P>
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<H3>htop(1)</H3>
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<UL>
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<LI>_hyperlink(`https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Htop', `htop') (Wikipedia)</LI>
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<LI>_hyperlink(`https://htop.dev/', `htop - an interactive process viewer')</LI>
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</UL>
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<P>
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_code(`htop(1)') is a featureful alternative to _code(`top(1)').
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</P>
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<H3>top(1)</H3>
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<P>
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Busybox and NetBSD provide implementations of _code(`top(1)'), an interactive in-terminal task manager.
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</P>
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<H2 ID="text_editing">Text editing</H2>
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<P>
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@ -817,40 +852,46 @@ X is a graphical windowing system that can be used on Linux, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, N
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X is not the only windowing system; _code(`twin(1)') exists for windowed multitasking within a framebuffer and Wayland is another windowing system intended to replace X.
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</P>
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<P>
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Xorg requires the user to be a member of the _code(`input') and _code(`video') groups (or superuser), otherwise it won't be able to access the relevent device files.
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These errors look like _code(`Failed to open /dev/input/event[<I>number</I>] (Permission denied)') when not in the _code(`input') group
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and _code(`Failed to open /dev/tty[<I>number</I>] (Permission denied)') when not in the _code(`video') group.
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</P>
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<P>
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Some Linux software distributions have included scripts to automatically fetch and install an X server.
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Alpine has _code(`setup-xorg-base'), which adds the packages _code(`xorg-server'), _code(`xf86-input-libinput'), _code(`eudev'), and _code(`mesa'), and then enables the OpenRC services for udev.
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</P>
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<H3>Mail</H3>
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<P>
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_code(`startx(1)') is provided as part of xinit.
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The (formerly Mozilla) Thunderbird mail suite is a popular though maximal choice.
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Claws Mail is a nice mail reader with a somewhat similar interface to Thunderbird but, in my experience, easier to use.
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</P>
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<P>
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Arch has the _code(`<A HREF="https://archlinux.org/groups/x86_64/xorg/">xorg</A>') and _code(`<A HREF="https://archlinux.org/groups/x86_64/xorg-apps/">xorg-apps</A>') package groups.
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Documentation can be found within _code(`xorg-docs'),
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drivers within the _code(`<A HREF="https://archlinux.org/groups/x86_64/xorg-drivers/">xorg-drivers</A>') package group,
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the server itself as _code(`xorg-server'),
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the X event monitor as _code(`xorg-xev'),
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xinit as _code(`xorg-xinit'),
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xinput as _code(`xorg-xinput'),
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XRandR as _code(`xorg-xrandr'),
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the X resource database manager as _code(`xorg-xrdb'),
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xset as _code(`xorg-xset'),
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and xsetroot as _code(`xorg-xsetroot').
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</P>
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<P>Alpine has xinput as _code(`xinput').</P>
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<H3>Media</H3>
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<P>
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_code(`mpv(1)') and _code(`vlc(1)') are good options.
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</P>
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<H3>Server</H3>
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<H4>X.org</H4>
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<UL>
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<LI>_hyperlink(`https://www.x.org/', `X.org')</LI>
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<LI>_hyperlink(`https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X.Org_Server', `X.Org Server') (Wikipedia)</LI>
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</UL>
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<P>
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The de-facto standard X server is X.org (available on the web at _literal_hyperlink(`https://www.X.org')).
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NetBSD uses X.org as the default system X server.
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</P>
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<P>
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Arch Linux's package repositories have _code(`_hyperlink(`https://archlinux.org/groups/x86_64/xorg/', `xorg')'),
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_code(`_hyperlink(`https://archlinux.org/groups/x86_64/xorg-apps/', `xorg-apps')'),
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and _code(`_hyperlink(`https://archlinux.org/groups/x86_64/xorg-drivers/', `xorg-drivers')') package groups.
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_hyperlink(`#pkgsrc', `pkgsrc') has _code(`meta-pkgs/modular-xorg').
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</P>
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<H5>_code(`Failed to open /dev/input/event[<I>number</I>] (Permission denied)')</H6>
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<P>You need to be a part of the _code(`input') group to use X.org.</P>
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<H5>_code(`Failed to open /dev/tty[<I>number</I>] (Permission denied)')</H6>
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<P>You need to be a part of the _code(`video') group to use X.org.</P>
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<H3>Window Management</H3>
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<P>
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It's possible to make X exec a window manager at the end of initialization to ease the creation, deletion, and manipulation of windows.
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It's possible to make X _code(`exec(3)') a window manager at the end of initialization to ease the creation, deletion, and manipulation of windows.
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Contrary to what is now popular belief, window managers are not necessary (thought they're extremely convenient compared to the lack of them).
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</P>
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<H4>ctwm</H4>
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@ -864,5 +905,14 @@ Contrary to what is now popular belief, window managers are not necessary (thoug
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TOR Browser is available through pkgsrc at _code(`security/tor-browser').
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</P>
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<H3>xinit(1)</H3>
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<P>
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_code(`startx(1)') is usually included with _code(`xinit(1)').
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</P>
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<P>
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On Alpine Linux, _code(`xinit(1)') is provided by the _code(`xinit') package.
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On Arch Linux, _code(`xinit(1)') is provided by _code(`_hyperlink(`https://archlinux.org/packages/extra/x86_64/xorg-xinit/', `xorg-xinit')').
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</P>
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</BODY>
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</HTML>
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