Merge branch 'getopt-bindings'

Reviewed-on: bonsai/coreutils#28

.editorconfig

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+root = true
+
+[*]
+charset = utf-8
+end_of_line = lf
+indent_style = tab
+indent_size = 4
+insert_final_newline = true
+
+[*akefile]
+indent_size = 2
+
+[*.sh]
+indent_size = 2

.gitignore

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 build/
+dist/

CONDUCT

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+Code of Conduct
+
+This Code of Conduct is derived from the 10 Pāramitās of Theravadin Buddhism.
+You can read more about them in Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu’s Ten Perfections: A Study
+Guide [0].
+
+1. Generosity (Dāna)
+
+Give contributions freely and willingly under the terms of the GNU Affero
+General Public License, version 3 or later, or a compatible license.
+
+2. Ethics (Sīla)
+
+Do not use nonfree code or uncredited code in contributions. Do not contribute
+code of dubious origins, such as code generated by large language models or
+unlicensed snippets found online [1]. Do not take credit for others’
+contributions. Make sure to utilize the copyright header and license notice on
+source files to credit yourself and others for their work.
+
+3. Renunciation (Nekkhamma)
+
+Stay committed to the principles of simplicity and interoperability embodied by
+the project. Keep your personal will and desire out of the project, for it can
+only prove harmful to its success.
+
+4. Wisdom (Pañña)
+
+Look to established sources for standards, best practices, and important
+implementation details when setting new precedence. Follow the existing
+precedence where it applies.
+
+5. Energy (Viriya)
+
+Focus on the currently-open, currently-assigned, and currently-in-progress
+issues, pull requests, and other endeavors in order to keep yourself and others
+from being overwhelmed with responsibility, either from your zeal or your
+negligence.
+
+If you notice an issue, open an issue as soon as you can. If you see a neglected
+branch, open a pull request or comment on an existing one, if applicable. Be
+diligent in your commitment to making this project work.
+
+6. Patience (Khanti)
+
+Be patient with maintainers and other contributors. We all have our own lives
+going on and may need significant time to get to things.
+
+7. Truthfulness (Sacca)
+
+Communicate honestly and openly. Do not embellish facts to get your way. Make
+sure to let maintainers know about any issues along the way and keep ample
+communication channels open.
+
+8. Determination (Adhiṭṭhāna)
+
+Stay focused on long-term objectives and cultivate attainment to that
+achievement by utilizing to the fullest extent possible the tools available to
+you for managing the workload.
+
+9. Loving-Kindness (Mettā)
+
+Treat everyone with respect, even if they treat you poorly. This does not mean
+you have to put up with abuse, but make sure to respond with kindness and with
+love in your heart. Support and uplift maintainers and other contributors with
+your words and actions.
+
+Do not use angry or hateful language toward contributors, such as demeaning
+phrases and slurs. Make sure that if you do not know the pronouns of a
+contributor to ask for them and, in the meantime, use gender-neutral they/them
+or equivalent pronouns.
+
+10. Equanimity (Upekkhā)
+
+Keep a balanced perspective on all suggestions and contributions and make
+judgements not from a place of ego and personal preference but on their
+usefulness and suitability to the project. Make sure to keep an eye on the
+bigger picture as implementing individual features may seem intuitive at first
+but scale poorly in practical use. Keep a level head about your own work: it is
+not shameful to make a mistake in this vein, and fixing it usually leads to
+more insight.
+
+[0] <https://www.dhammatalks.org/books/#/books/TenPerfections/Section0001.html>
+[1] <https://www.fsf.org/news/publication-of-the-fsf-funded-white-papers-on-questions-around-copilot>

CONTRIBUTING

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+Make sure to read our code of conduct in the CONDUCT file.
+
 When contributing a pull request to the main branch, please sign your commits
 with a PGP key and add your name and the year to the bottom of the list of
 copyright holders for the file. For example, an existing copyright header might
@@ -90,26 +92,44 @@ notice:
  *     USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
  */
 
-When writing code, make sure lines never exceed 80 characters in width when
-using two-character-wide tabs.
+Make sure lines never exceed 80 columns in width when using four-character
+indentation steps. This helps contributors with smaller screens, those using
+side-by-side editor windows or panes, and those who have no text wrapping in
+their editor or terminal.
 
-For usage text and help messages, please do not implement a -h option. Just
-print usage information when any erroneous option is specified. Follow the
-NetBSD style guide for usage text output format [1].
+For usage text and help messages, do not implement a -h option. Instead, print
+usage information when any erroneous option is specified. Follow the NetBSD
+style guide for the usage text’s output format [1].
 
-If committing a new source file for a utility, format the commit message like
-this:
+[1] <http://cvsweb.netbsd.org/bsdweb.cgi/~checkout~/src/share/misc/style>
 
-$ git commit -m 'tool(1): <information>'
+If committing a new source file, format the commit message following these
+guidelines:
+
+$ git commit -m 'tool(1): add feature x'
 
 If committing a new library or header file:
 
-$ git commit -m 'library(1): <information>'
+$ git commit -m 'library(3): fix overflow'
+$ git commit -m 'header.h(3): add header.h(3)'
+
+If committing a new manual page:
+
+$ git commit -m 'tool.1: add author details'
 
 If modifying some other file or directory:
 
-$ git commit -m 'README: clarification'
-$ git commit -m 'tests: posix: fixed bug #47'
-$ git commit -m 'docs: tool(1): added author information'
+$ git commit -m 'README: clarify'
+$ git commit -m 'tests/posix: fix bug #47'
 
-etc.
+For multiple of these:
+
+$ git commit -m 'Makefile, tool(1): add tool(1)'
+$ git commit -m 'tool(1): add tool(1); library(3), library.3: add library(3)'
+$ git commit -m 'tool(1): fix #42 & add feature x'
+
+Commit messages should be written in the present tense.
+
+--
+This work © 2023–2024 by Emma Tebibyte is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. To view a
+copy of this license, visit <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/>

GNUmakefile

@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright (c) 2023 Emma Tebibyte <emma@tebibyte.media>
-# Copyright (c) 2023 DTB <trinity@trinity.moe>
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: FSFAP
-#
-# Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification, are
-# permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright notice and this
-# notice are preserved.  This file is offered as-is, without any warranty.
-
-# If we want to use POSIX make we can’t use ifeq
-# .POSIX:
-# .PRAGMA: posix_202x
-.PHONY: clean
-.PHONY: install
-.PHONY: test
-
-PREFIX=/usr/local
-CC=cc
-CFLAGS=-O3 -Lbuild
-
-ifeq ($(CC), gcc)
-	CFLAGS=-O3 -s -Wl,-z,noseparate-code,-z,nosectionheader -flto -Lbuild
-endif
-
-ifeq ($(CC), clang)
-	CFLAGS=-O3 -Wall -Lbuild
-endif
-
-ifeq ($(CC), tcc)
-	CFLAGS=-O3 -s -Wl -flto -Lbuild
-endif
-
-build: build_dir false intcmp scrut str strcmp true
-
-build_dir:
-	mkdir -p build
-
-clean:
-	rm -rf build/
-
-install: build
-	mkdir -p $(PREFIX)/bin $(PREFIX)/lib $(PREFIX)/man/man1 $(PREFIX)/man/man3
-	cp -f build/*.o $(PREFIX)/lib/
-	cp -f build/*.so $(PREFIX)/lib/
-	cp -f build/* $(PREFIX)/bin/
-	cp -f docs/*.1 $(PREFIX)/man/man1/
-	cp -f docs/*.3 $(PREFIX)/man/man3/
-
-test: build
-	tests/cc-compat.sh
-	tests/posix-compat.sh
-
-false: src/false.c build_dir
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o build/false src/false.c
-
-intcmp: src/intcmp.c build_dir
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o build/intcmp src/intcmp.c
-
-scrut: src/scrut.c libfileis build_dir
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -lfileis -o build/scrut src/scrut.c
-
-str: src/str.c build_dir
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o build/str src/str.c
-
-strcmp: src/strcmp.c build_dir
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o build/strcmp src/strcmp.c
-
-true: src/true.c build_dir
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o build/true src/true.c
-
-libfileis: src/libfileis.c src/libfileis.h build_dir
-	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c -fPIC -o build/libfileis.o src/libfileis.c
-	$(CC) -shared -o build/libfileis.so build/libfileis.o
-

Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2023–2024 Emma Tebibyte <emma@tebibyte.media>
+# Copyright (c) 2023–2024 DTB <trinity@trinity.moe>
+# Copyright (c) 2023 Sasha Koshka <sashakoshka@tebibyte.media>
+# Copyright (c) 2024 Aaditya Aryal <aryalaadi123@gmail.com>
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: FSFAP
+#
+# Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification, are
+# permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright notice and this
+# notice are preserved.  This file is offered as-is, without any warranty.
+
+# The octal escape \043 is utilized twice in this file as make(1p) will
+# interpret a hash in a rule as an inline comment.
+
+.POSIX:
+
+DESTDIR ?= dist
+PREFIX ?= /usr/local
+
+MANDIR != [ $(PREFIX) = / ] && printf '/usr/share/man\n' \
+	|| printf '/share/man\n'
+SYSEXITS != printf '\043include <sysexits.h>\n' | cpp -M - | sed 's/ /\n/g' \
+	| sed -n 's/sysexits\.h//p' || printf 'include\n'
+
+CC ?= cc
+RUSTC ?= rustc
+RUSTLIBS = --extern getopt=build/o/libgetopt.rlib \
+	--extern sysexits=build/o/libsysexits.rlib \
+	--extern strerror=build/o/libstrerror.rlib
+CFLAGS += -I$(SYSEXITS)
+
+.PHONY: all
+all: docs dj false fop hru intcmp mm npc rpn scrut str strcmp swab true
+
+# keep build/include until bindgen(1) has stdin support
+# https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-bindgen/issues/2703
+build:
+	mkdir -p build/bin build/docs build/include build/lib build/o build/test
+
+.PHONY: clean
+clean:
+	rm -rf build dist
+
+dist: all
+	mkdir -p $(DESTDIR)/$(PREFIX)/bin $(DESTDIR)/$(PREFIX)/share/man/man1
+	cp build/bin/* $(DESTDIR)/$(PREFIX)/bin
+	cp build/docs/*.1 $(DESTDIR)/$(PREFIX)/$(MANDIR)/man1
+
+.PHONY: install
+install: dist
+	cp -r $(DESTDIR)/* /
+
+.PHONY: test
+test: build /tmp/getopt
+	/tmp/getopt
+	tests/posix-compat.sh
+
+/tmp/getopt: src/libgetopt.rs
+	$(RUSTC) --test -o /tmp/getopt src/libgetopt.rs
+
+.PHONY: docs
+docs: docs/ build
+	for file in docs/*; do original="$$(sed -n '/^\.TH/p' <"$$file")"; \
+		title="$$(printf '%s\n' "$$original" | sed \
+		"s/X\.X\.X/$$(git describe --tags --long | cut -d'-' -f1)/g")"; \
+		sed "s/$$original/$$title/g" <"$$file" >"build/$$file"; done
+
+.PHONY: rustlibs
+rustlibs: build/o/libsysexits.rlib build/o/libgetopt.rlib \
+	build/o/libstrerror.rlib
+
+build/o/libgetopt.rlib: build src/libgetopt.rs
+	$(RUSTC) $(RUSTFLAGS) --crate-type=lib --crate-name=getopt \
+		-o $@ src/libgetopt.rs
+
+build/o/libstrerror.rlib: build src/libstrerror.rs
+	$(RUSTC) $(RUSTFLAGS) --crate-type=lib -o $@ \
+		src/libstrerror.rs
+
+# bandage solution until bindgen(1) gets stdin support
+build/o/libsysexits.rlib: build $(SYSEXITS)sysexits.h
+	printf '\043define EXIT_FAILURE 1\n' | cat - $(SYSEXITS)sysexits.h \
+		> build/include/sysexits.h 
+	bindgen --default-macro-constant-type signed --use-core --formatter=none \
+		build/include/sysexits.h | $(RUSTC) $(RUSTFLAGS) --crate-type lib -o $@ -
+
+.PHONY: dj
+dj: build/bin/dj
+build/bin/dj: src/dj.c build
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ src/dj.c
+
+.PHONY: false
+false: build/bin/false
+build/bin/false: src/false.c build
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ src/false.c
+
+.PHONY: fop
+fop: build/bin/fop
+build/bin/fop: src/fop.rs build rustlibs
+	$(RUSTC) $(RUSTFLAGS) $(RUSTLIBS) -o $@ src/fop.rs
+
+.PHONY: hru
+hru: build/bin/hru
+build/bin/hru: src/hru.rs build rustlibs 
+	$(RUSTC) $(RUSTFLAGS) $(RUSTLIBS) -o $@ src/hru.rs
+
+.PHONY: intcmp
+intcmp: build/bin/intcmp
+build/bin/intcmp: src/intcmp.c build
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ src/intcmp.c
+
+.PHONY: mm
+mm: build/bin/mm
+build/bin/mm: src/mm.c build
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ src/mm.c
+
+.PHONY: npc
+npc: build/bin/npc
+build/bin/npc: src/npc.c build
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGAS) -o $@ src/npc.c
+
+.PHONY: rpn
+rpn: build/bin/rpn
+build/bin/rpn: src/rpn.rs build rustlibs
+	$(RUSTC) $(RUSTFLAGS) $(RUSTLIBS) -o $@ src/rpn.rs
+
+.PHONY: scrut
+scrut: build/bin/scrut
+build/bin/scrut: src/scrut.c build
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ src/scrut.c
+
+.PHONY: str
+str: build/bin/str
+build/bin/str: src/str.c build
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ src/str.c
+
+.PHONY: strcmp
+strcmp: build/bin/strcmp
+build/bin/strcmp: src/strcmp.c build
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ src/strcmp.c
+
+.PHONY: swab
+swab: build/bin/swab
+build/bin/swab: src/swab.rs build rustlibs
+	$(RUSTC) $(RUSTFLAGS) $(RUSTLIBS) -o $@ src/swab.rs
+
+.PHONY: true
+true: build/bin/true
+build/bin/true: src/true.c build
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ src/true.c

README

@@ -1,22 +1,48 @@
 “Seek not to walk the path of the masters; seek what they sought.”
 – Matsuo Basho
 
-The Bonsai core utilities are the result of the careful examination of the
-current state of POSIX and Unix utilies. The Unix Philosophy, “do one thing and
-do it well” is its core but these tools do not cling to the names of the past.
+The Bonsai harakit utilities are a replacement for standard POSIX utilities
+which aim to fill its niche while expanding on their capabilities. These new
+tools are the result of the careful examination of the current state of POSIX
+and Unix utilies. The Unix Philosophy of “do one thing and do it well” are their
+core but they avoid clinging to the past.
 
 The era of the original Unix tools has been long and fruitful, but they have
-their flaws. The new, non-POSIX era of this project started with frustration
-with the way certain tools work and how other projects that extend POSIX don’t
-make anything better.
+their flaws. This project originated from frustrations with the way certain
+tools work and how other projects that extend POSIX don’t make anything better.
 
 This project will not follow in the footsteps of GNU; extensions of POSIX will
 not be found here. GNU extensions are a gateway to the misuse of the shell. The
-Bonsai core utilities will intentionally discourage use of the shell for
-purposes beyond its scope.
+harakit utilities will intentionally discourage use of the shell for purposes
+beyond its scope.
 
 See docs/ for more on the specific utilities currently implemented.
 
+Building
+
+Harakit utilities require a POSIX-compliant environment to compile, including a
+C compiler and preprocessor (cc(1) and cpp(1) by default), an edition 2023 Rust
+compiler (rustc(1) by default), bindgen(1), and a POSIX-compliant make(1)
+utility.
+
+To build and install:
+
+$ make
+$ make PREFIX="/your/preferred/location" install
+
+To build with a different compiler than the default:
+
+$ make CC=clang
+$ make RUSTC=gccrs
+
+To test the utilities:
+
+$ make test
+
+To remove all build and distributable files:
+
+$ make clean
+
 Read More
 
 An Introduction to the Unix Shell
@@ -30,3 +56,10 @@ Master Foo Discourses on the Unix-Nature
 
 Shell Programming!
 <https://tldp.org/LDP/abs/html/why-shell.html>
+
+--
+Copyright © 2023–2024 Emma Tebibyte <emma@tebibyte.media>
+Copyright © 2024 DTB <trinity@trinity.moe>
+
+This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. To view a copy of this license, visit
+<http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/>.

docs/dj.1

@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 2024 DTB <trinity@trinity.moe>
+.\" Copyright (c) 2024 Emma Tebibyte <emma@tebibyte.media>
+.\"
+.\" This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. To see a copy of this license,
+.\" visit <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/>.
+.\"
+.TH DJ 1 2024-06-17 "Harakit X.X.X"
+.SH NAME
+dj \(en disk jockey
+.\"
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+
+dj
+.RB ( -AdHnq )
+.RB ( -a
+.RB [ byte ])
+.RB ( -c
+.RB [ count ])
+
+.RB ( -i
+[\fBinput file\fP])
+.RB ( -b
+[\fBinput block size\fP])
+.RB ( -s
+[\fBinput offset\fP])
+
+.RB ( -o
+[\fBoutput file\fP])
+.RB ( -B
+[\fBoutput block size\fP])
+.RB ( -S
+[\fBoutput offset\fP])
+.\"
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+
+Perform precise read and write operations on files. This utility is useful for
+reading and writing binary data to and from disks.
+
+This manual page uses the terms \(lqskip\(rq and \(lqseek\(rq to refer to moving
+to a specified byte by index in the input and output of the program
+respectively. This language is inherited from the
+.BR dd (1p)
+utility and used here to decrease ambiguity.
+
+When seeking or skipping to a byte, writing or reading starts at the byte
+immediately subsequent to the specified byte.
+.\"
+.SH OPTIONS
+
+.IP \fB-i\fP
+Takes a file path as an argument and opens it for use as an input.
+.IP \fB-b\fP
+Takes a numeric argument as the size in bytes of the input buffer, the default
+being 1024.
+.IP \fB-s\fP
+Takes a numeric argument as the number of bytes to skip into the input
+before starting to read. If the standard input is used, bytes read to this point
+are discarded.
+.IP \fB-o\fP
+Takes a file path as an argument and opens it for use as an output.
+.IP \fB-B\fP
+Does the same as
+.B -b
+but for the output buffer.
+.IP \fB-S\fP
+Seeks a number of bytes through the output before starting to write from
+the input. If the output is a stream, null characters are printed.
+.IP \fB-a\fP
+Accepts a single literal byte with which the input buffer is padded in the event
+of an incomplete read from the input file.
+.IP \fB-A\fP
+Specifying this option pads the input buffer with null bytes in the event of an
+incomplete read. This is equivalent to specifying
+.B -a
+with a null byte instead of a character.
+.IP \fB-c\fP
+Specifies a number of reads to make. The default is 0, in which case the
+input is read until a partial or empty read is made.
+.IP \fB-d\fP
+Prints invocation information before program execution as described in the
+DIAGNOSTICS section. Each invocation increments the debug level of the
+program.
+.IP \fB-H\fP
+Prints diagnostics messages in a human-readable manner as described in the
+DIAGNOSTICS section.
+.IP \fB-n\fP
+Retries failed reads once before exiting.
+.IP \fB-q\fP
+Suppresses error messages which print when a read or write is partial or
+empty. Each invocation decrements the debug level of the program.
+.\"
+.SH STANDARD INPUT
+
+The standard input shall be used as an input if no inputs are specified or if
+one or more of the input files is \(lq-\(rq.
+.\"
+.SH STANDARD OUTPUT
+The standard output shall be used as an output if no inputs are specified or if
+one or more of the input files is \(lq-\(rq.
+.\"
+.SH DIAGNOSTICS
+
+On a partial or empty read, unless the
+.B -q
+option is specified, a diagnostic message is printed. Then, the program exits
+unless the
+.B -n
+option is specified.
+
+By default, statistics are printed for input and output to the standard error in
+the following format:
+
+.RS
+{records read} {ASCII unit separator} {partial records read}
+{ASCII record separator} {records written} {ASCII unit separator}
+{partial records written} {ASCII group separator} {bytes read}
+{ASCII record separator} {bytes written} {ASCII file separator}
+.RE
+
+This format for diagnostic output is designed to be machine-parseable for
+convenience. For a more human-readable format, the
+.B -H
+option may be specified. In this event, the following format is used instead:
+
+.RS
+{records read} '+' {partial records read} '>' {records written}
+'+' {partial records written} ';' {bytes read} '>' {bytes written}
+{ASCII line feed}
+.RE
+
+If the
+.B -d
+option is specified, debug information will be printed at the beginning of
+execution. This output contains information regarding how the program was
+invoked. The following example is the result of running the program with
+.B -d
+as the only argument:
+
+.RS
+argv0=dj
+in=<stdin>      ibs=1024        skip=0  align=ff       count=0
+out=<stdout>    obs=1024        seek=0  debug= 3       noerror=0
+.RE
+
+In non-recoverable errors that don\(cqt pertain to the read-write cycle, a
+diagnostic message is printed and the program exits with the appropriate
+.BR sysexits.h (3)
+status.
+.\"
+.SH BUGS
+
+If
+.B -n
+is specified along with the
+.B -c
+option and a count, actual byte output is the product of the count and the input
+block size and therefore may be lower than expected. If the
+.B -a
+or
+.B -A
+options are specified, this could make written data nonsensical.
+.\"
+.SH CAVEATS
+
+Existing files are not truncated on ouput and are instead overwritten.
+
+Many lowercase options have capitalized variants and vice-versa which can be
+confusing. Capitalized options tend to affect output or are more intense
+versions of lowercase options.
+.\"
+.SH RATIONALE
+
+This program was based on the
+.BR dd (1p)
+utility as specified in POSIX. While character conversion may have been the
+original intent of
+.BR dd (1p),
+it is irrelevant to its modern use. Because of this, this program eschews
+character conversion and adds typical option formatting, allowing seeks to be
+specified in bytes rather than in blocks, allowing arbitrary bytes as padding,
+and printing in a format that\(cqs easy for machines to parse.
+.\"
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+
+Copyright \(co 2023 DTB. License AGPLv3+: GNU AGPL version 3 or later
+<https://gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html>.
+.\"
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR dd (1p)

docs/false.1

@@ -1,35 +1,35 @@
-.\" Copyright (c) 2022 DTB <trinity@trinity.moe>
-.\" Copyright (c) 2023 Emma Tebibyte <emma@tebibyte.media>
+.\" Copyright (c) 2022, 2024 DTB <trinity@trinity.moe>
+.\" Copyright (c) 2023–2024 Emma Tebibyte <emma@tebibyte.media>
 .\"
 .\" This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. To see a copy of this license,
 .\" visit <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/>.
-
-.TH FALSE 1
-
+.\"
+.TH FALSE 1 2024-06-06 "Harakit X.X.X"
 .SH NAME
-
 false \(en do nothing, unsuccessfully
-
+.\"
 .SH DESCRIPTION
 
-False does nothing regardless of operands or standard input.
-False will always return an exit code of 1.
-
+Do nothing regardless of operands or standard input. An exit code of 1 will
+always be returned.
+.\"
 .SH RATIONALE
 
-False exists for the construction of control flow and loops based on a failure.
-
-False functions as described in POSIX.1-2017.
-
+In POSIX.1-2017,
+.BR false (1p)
+exists for the construction of control flow and loops based on a failure. This
+implementation functions as described in that standard.
+.\"
 .SH AUTHOR
 
-Written by Emma Tebibyte <emma@tebibyte.media>.
-
+Written by Emma Tebibyte
+.MT emma@tebibyte.media
+.ME .
+.\"
 .SH COPYRIGHT
 
 This work is marked with CC0 1.0. To see a copy of this license, visit
 <http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0>.
-
+.\"
 .SH SEE ALSO
-
-true(1)
+.BR true (1p)

docs/fop.1

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 2024 DTB <trinity@trinity.moe>
+.\" Copyright (c) 2024 Emma Tebibyte <emma@tebibyte.media>
+.\"
+.\" This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. To see a copy of this license,
+.\" visit <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/>.
+.\"
+.TH FOP 1 2024-06-17 "Harakit X.X.X"
+.SH NAME
+fop \(en field operator
+.\"
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+
+fop
+.RB ( -d )
+.RB [ delimiter ]
+.RB index 
+.RB program...
+.\"
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+
+Performs operations on specified fields in data read from the standard input.
+.\"
+.SH OPTIONS
+
+.IP \fB-d\fP
+Sets a delimiter by which the input data will be split into fields. The default
+is an ASCII record separator.
+.\"
+.SH CAVEATS
+
+Field indices are zero-indexed, which may be unexpected behavior for some users.
+.\"
+.SH RATIONALE
+
+With the assumption that tools will output data separated with ASCII field
+separators, there is a need for the ability to modify select fields in this data
+easily and quickly.
+
+The idea for this utility originated in the fact that the GNU
+.BR ls (1)
+utility contains a
+.B -h
+option which enables human-readable units in file size outputs. This
+functionality was broken out into
+.BR hru (1),
+but there was no easy way to modify the field in the ouput of
+.BR ls (1p)
+without creating a new tool.
+.\"
+.SH AUTHOR
+
+Written by Emma Tebibyte
+.MT emma@tebibyte.media
+.ME .
+.\"
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+
+Copyright \(co 2024 Emma Tebibyte. License AGPLv3+: GNU AGPL version 3 or later
+<https://gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html>.
+.\"
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR sed (1p)

docs/hru.1

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 2024 Emma Tebibyte <emma@tebibyte.media>
+.\"
+.\" This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. To see a copy of this license,
+.\" visit <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/>.
+.\"
+.TH HRU 1 2024-06-17 "Harakit X.X.X"
+.SH NAME
+hru \(en human readable units
+.\"
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+
+hru
+.\"
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+
+Convert counts to higher units.
+
+Byte counts will be read in the form of whole numbers from the standard input
+and be written to the standard output the same number converted to a higher unit
+of data as defined by the \fIInternational System of Units\fP.
+
+The program will convert the byte count to the highest unit possible where the
+value is greater than one.
+.\"
+.SH DIAGNOSTICS
+
+If encountering non-integer characters in the standard input, the program will
+exit with the appropriate error code as defined by
+.BR sysexits.h (3)
+and print an error message.
+.\"
+.SH RATIONALE
+
+The GNU project\(cqs
+.BR ls (1)
+implementation contains a human-readable option (\fB-h\fP) that, when specified,
+makes the tool print size information in a format more immediately
+readable. This functionality is useful not only in this context, so the decision
+was made to split it into a new tool. The original functionality from GNU\(cqs
+.BR ls (1)
+can be emulated with
+.BR fop (1)
+combined with this program.
+.\"
+.SH STANDARDS
+
+The standard unit prefixes as specified by the
+.I Bureau International des Poids et Mesures
+.RI ( BIPM )
+in the ninth edition of
+.I The International System of Units
+.RI ( SI )
+are utilized for the ouput of conversions.
+.\"
+.SH AUTHOR
+
+Written by Emma Tebibyte
+.MT emma@tebibyte.media
+.ME .
+.\"
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+
+Copyright \(co 2024 Emma Tebibyte. License AGPLv3+: GNU AGPL version 3 or later
+<https://gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html>.
+.\"
+.SH SEE ALSO
+GNU
+.BR ls (1),
+.I The International System of Units (SI) 9th Edition

docs/intcmp.1

@@ -1,78 +1,105 @@
-.\" Copyright (c) 2023 DTB <trinity@trinity.moe>
-.\" Copyright (c) 2023 Emma Tebibyte <emma@tebibyte.media>
+.\" Copyright (c) 2023–2024 DTB <trinity@trinity.moe>
+.\" Copyright (c) 2023–2024 Emma Tebibyte <emma@tebibyte.media>
 .\"
 .\" This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. To see a copy of this license,
 .\" visit <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/>.
-
-.TH intcmp 1
-
+.\"
+.TH INTCMP 1 2024-06-06 "Harakit X.X.X"
 .SH NAME
-
 intcmp \(en compare integers
-
+.\"
 .SH SYNOPSIS
 
 intcmp
-.RB ( -eghl )
+.RB ( -egl )
 .RB [ integer ]
 .RB [ integer... ]
-
 .SH DESCRIPTION
+Compare integers to each other.
+.\"
+.SH OPTIONS
 
-Intcmp compares integers.
-
-.SH USAGE
-
-The -e option permits given integers to be equal to each other. If combined
-with -g or -l, only adjacent integers in the argument sequence can be equal.
-.PP
-The -g option permits a given integer to be greater than the following integer.
-.PP
-The -l option permits a given integer to be less than the following integer.
-.PP
-It may help to think of the -e, -g, and -l options as equivalent to the
-infix algebraic “=”, “>”, and “<” operators respectively, with each option
-putting its symbol between every given integer. For example,
-.R intcmp -l 1 2 3
-is equivalent to evaluating "1 < 2 < 3".
+.IP \fB-e\fP
+Permits given integers to be equal to each other.
+.IP \fB-g\fP
+Permits a given integer to be greater than the following integer.
+.IP \fB-l\fP
+Permits a given integer to be less than the following integer.
+.\"
+.SH EXAMPLES
 
+It may help to think of the
+.BR -e ,
+.BR -g ,
+and
+.B -l
+options as equivalent to the infix algebraic \(lq=\(rq, \(lq>\(rq, and \(lq<\(rq
+operators respectively, with each option putting its symbol between every given
+integer. The following example is equivalent to evaluating \(lq1 < 2 < 3\(rq:
+\"
+.RS
+intcmp -l 1 2 3
+.RE
+.\"
 .SH DIAGNOSTICS
 
-Intcmp exits 0 for a valid expression and 1 for an invalid expression.
-.PP
-Intcmp prints a debug message and exits with the appropriate sysexits(3) error
-code in the event of an error.
+The program will exit with a successfully for a valid expression and with an
+error code of 1 for an invalid expression.
 
+In the event of an error, a debug message will be printed and the program will
+exit with the appropriate
+.BR sysexits.h (3)
+error code.
+.\"
 .SH BUGS
 
-There are multiple ways to express compound comparisons; “less than or equal
-to” can be -le or -el, for example.
-.PP
-The inequality comparison is -gl or -lg for “less than or greater than”; this
-is elegant but unintuitive.
-.PP
--egl, "equal to or less than or greater than", exits 0 no matter what for valid
-program usage and may be abused to function as an integer validator.
-Use str(1) instead.
+.BR -egl ,
+\(lqequal to or less than or greater than\(rq, always exits successfully for
+valid program usage and may be abused to function as an integer validator. Use
+.BR str (1)
+instead.
+.\"
+.SH CAVEATS
 
+There are multiple ways to express compound comparisons; \(lqless than or equal
+to\(rq can be
+.B -le
+or
+.BR -el ,
+for example.
+
+The inequality comparison is
+.B -gl
+.B or
+.B -lg
+for \(lqless than or greater than\(rq;
+this is elegant but unintuitive.
+.\"
 .SH RATIONALE
 
 The traditional tool for integer comparisons in POSIX and other Unix shells has
-been test(1). This tool also handles string comparisons and file scrutiny.
-These parts of its functionality have been broken out into multiple utilities.
-
-Strcmp’s functionality may be performed on a POSIX-compliant system with
-test(1p).
+been
+.BR test (1).
+This tool also handles string comparisons and file scrutiny. These parts of its
+functionality have been broken out into multiple utilities.
 
+This program\(cqs functionality may be performed on a POSIX-compliant system
+with
+.BR test (1p).
+.\"
 .SH AUTHOR
 
-Written by DTB <trinity@trinity.moe>.
-
+Written by DTB
+.MT trinity@trinity.moe
+.ME .
+.\"
 .SH COPYRIGHT
-
-Copyright © 2023 DTB. License AGPLv3+: GNU AGPL version 3 or later
+.\"
+Copyright \(co 2023 DTB. License AGPLv3+: GNU AGPL version 3 or later
 <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
-
+.\"
 .SH SEE ALSO
-
-strcmp(1), scrut(1), str(1), test(1)
+.BR scrut (1),
+.BR strcmp (1),
+.BR str (1),
+.BR test (1p)

docs/mm.1

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 2024 DTB <trinity@trinity.moe>
+.\"
+.\" This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. To see a copy of this license,
+.\" visit <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/>.
+.\"
+.TH MM 1 2024-06-17 "Harakit X.X.X"
+.SH NAME
+mm \(en middleman
+.\"
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+
+mm
+.RB ( -aenu )
+.RB ( -i
+.RB [ input ])
+.RB ( -o
+.RB [ output ])
+.\"
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+
+Catenate input files and write them to the start of each output file or stream.
+.\"
+.SH OPTIONS
+
+.IP \fB-a\fP
+Opens subsequent outputs for appending rather than updating.
+.IP \fB-e\fP
+Use the standard error as an output.
+.IP \fB-i\fP
+Opens a path as an input. If one or more of the input files is \(lq-\(rq or if
+no inputs are specified, the standard input shall be used.
+.IP \fB-o\fP
+Opens a path as an output. If one or more of the output files is \(lq-\(rq or if
+no outputs are specified, the standard output shall be used.
+.IP \fB-u\fP
+Ensures neither input or output will be buffered.
+.IP \fB-n\fP
+Causes SIGINT signals to be ignored.
+.\"
+.SH DIAGNOSTICS
+
+If an output cannot be written to, an error occurs; however, exiting will be 
+deferred until writing to any other specified outputs completes.
+
+When an error is encountered, a diagnostic message is printed and the program
+exits with the appropriate
+.BR sysexits.h (3)
+status.
+.\"
+.SH CAVEATS
+
+Existing files are not truncated on ouput and are instead overwritten.
+.\"
+.SH RATIONALE
+
+The
+.BR cat (1p)
+and
+.BR tee (1p)
+programs specified in POSIX together provide similar functionality. The
+separation of the two sets of functionality into separate APIs seemed
+unncessary.
+.\"
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+
+Copyright \(co 2024 DTB. License AGPLv3+: GNU AGPL version 3 or later
+<https://gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html>.
+.\"
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR cat (1p),
+.BR dd (1),
+.BR dj (1),
+.BR tee (1p)

docs/npc.1

@@ -1,68 +1,74 @@
-.\" Copyright (c) 2023 DTB <trinity@trinity.moe>
-.\" Copyright (c) 2023 Emma Tebibyte <emma@tebibyte.media>
+.\" Copyright (c) 2023–2024 DTB <trinity@trinity.moe>
+.\" Copyright (c) 2023–2024 Emma Tebibyte <emma@tebibyte.media>
 .\"
 .\" This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. To see a copy of this license,
 .\" visit <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/>.
-
-.TH npc 1
-
+.\"
+.TH NPC 1 2024-06-17 "Harakit X.X.X"
 .SH NAME
-
 npc \(en show non-printing characters
-
+.\"
 .SH SYNOPSIS
 
 npc
-.RB ( -eht )
-
+.RB ( -et )
+.\"
 .SH DESCRIPTION
 
-Npc reads from standard input and writes to standard output, replacing non-
-printing characters with printable equivalents. Control characters print as a
-carat ('^') followed by the character '@' through '_' corresponding to the
-character replaced (e.g. control-X becomes "^X"). The delete character (0x7F)
-becomes "^?". Characters with the high bit set (>127) are printed as "M-"
+Print normally non-printing characters.
+
+The program reads from standard input and writes to standard output, replacing
+non-printing characters with printable equivalents. Control characters print as
+a carat ('^') followed by the character '@' through '_' corresponding to the
+character replaced (e.g. control-X becomes '^X'). The delete character (0x7F)
+becomes '^?'. Characters with the high bit set (>127) are printed as 'M-'
 followed by the graphical representation for the same character without the
 high bit set.
-.PP
-The
-.B -e
-option prints a currency sign ('$') before each line ending.
-.PP
-The
-.B -t
-option prints tab characters as "^I" rather than a literal horizontal tab.
+.\"
+.SH OPTIONS
 
+.IP \fB-e\fP
+Prints a dollar sign ('$') before each newline.
+.IP \fB-t\fP
+Prints tab characters as '^I' rather than a literal horizontal tab.
+.\"
 .SH DIAGNOSTICS
 
-Npc prints a debug message and exits with the appropriate sysexits(3) error
-code in the event of an error, otherwise it exits successfully.
-
+In the event of an error, a debug message will be printed and the program will
+exit with the appropriate
+.BR sysexits.h (3)
+error code.
+.\"
 .SH BUGS
 
-Npc operates in single-byte chunks regardless of intended encoding.
-
+The program operates in single-byte chunks regardless of intended encoding.
+.\"
 .SH RATIONALE
 
 POSIX currently lacks a way to display non-printing characters in the terminal
-using a standard tool. A popular extension to cat(1p), the -v option, is the
-bandage solution GNU and other software suites use.
-
-This functionality should be a separate tool because its usefulness extends
-beyond that of cat(1p).
+using a standard tool. A popular extension to
+.BR cat (1p),
+the
+.B -v
+option, is the bandage solution GNU and other software suites use.
 
+This functionality is included in a separate tool because its usefulness extends
+beyond that of
+.BR cat (1p).
+.\"
 .SH AUTHOR
 
-Written by DTB <trinity@trinity.moe>.
-
+Written by DTB
+.MT trinity@trinity.moe
+.ME .
+.\"
 .SH COPYRIGHT
 
 Copyright © 2023 DTB. License AGPLv3+: GNU AGPL version 3 or later
 <https://gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html>.
-
+.\"
 .SH SEE ALSO
-
-cat(1), cat-v(1)
-
+.BR cat (1p),
+.BR cat-v (1),
 .I UNIX Style, or cat -v Considered Harmful
 by Rob Pike

docs/rpn.1

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 2024 Emma Tebibyte <emma@tebibyte.media>
+.\" Copyright (c) 2024 DTB <trinity@trinity.moe>
+.\"
+.\" This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. To see a copy of this license,
+.\" visit <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/>.
+.\"
+.TH RPN 1 2024-06-17 "Harakit X.X.X"
+.SH NAME
+rpn \(en reverse polish notation evaluation
+.\"
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+
+rpn
+.RB [ numbers... ]
+.RB [ operators... ]
+.\"
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+
+Evaluate reverse polish notation.
+
+The program evaluates reverse polish notation expressions read either from the
+standard input or parsed from provided arguments. See the STANDARD INPUT
+section.
+
+Upon evaluation, the resulting number on the stack will be printed to the
+standard output. Any further numbers specified will be placed at the end of the
+stack.
+
+For information on for reverse polish notation syntax, see
+.BR rpn (7).
+.\"
+.SH STANDARD INPUT
+
+If arguments are specified, they are interpreted as an expression to be
+evaluated. Otherwise, whitespace-delimited numbers and operations are read from
+the standard input.
+.\"
+.SH DIAGNOSTICS
+
+In the event of an error, a debug message will be printed and the program will
+exit with the appropriate
+.BR sysexits.h (3)
+error code; however, in the event of a syntax error, the program will print an
+error message and continue accepting input.
+.\"
+.SH CAVEATS
+
+Due to precision constraints and the way floats are represented in accordance
+with the
+.I IEEE Standard for Floating Point Arithmetic
+(\fIIEEE 754\fP), floating-point arithmetic has rounding errors. This is
+somewhat curbed by using the machine epsilon as provided by the Rust standard
+library to which numbers are rounded. Because of this, variation is expected in
+the number of decimal places the program can handle based on the platform and
+hardware of any given machine.
+.\"
+.SH RATIONALE
+
+An infix notation calculation utility,
+.BR bc (1p),
+is included in the POSIX standard, but does not accept expressions as arguments;
+in scripts, any predefined, non-interactive input must be piped into the
+program. A
+.BR dc (1)
+pre-dates the standardized
+.BR bc (1p),
+the latter originally being a preprocessor for the former, and was included in
+Second Edition UNIX and onward. While it implements reverse polish notation, it
+still suffers from being unable to accept an expression as an argument.
+.\"
+.SH AUTHOR
+
+Written by Emma Tebibyte
+.MT emma@tebibyte.media
+.ME .
+.\"
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+
+Copyright (c) 2024 Emma Tebibyte. License AGPLv3+: GNU AGPL version 3 or later
+<https://gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html>.
+.\"
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR bc (1p),
+.BR dc (1),
+.BR rpn (7),
+.I IEEE 754

docs/scrut.1

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 2024 DTB <trinity@trinity.moe>
+.\" Copyright (c) 2024 Emma Tebibyte <emma@tebibyte.media>
+.\"
+.\" This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. To see a copy of this license,
+.\" visit <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/>.
+.\"
+.TH SCRUT 1 2024-06-06 "Harakit X.X.X"
+.SH NAME
+scrut \(en scrutinize file properties
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+
+scrut
+.RB ( -LSbcdefgkprsuwx )
+.RB [ file... ]
+.\"
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+
+Determine if files comply with requirements. If the given files comply with the
+specified requirements, the program will exit successfully. Otherwise, it exits
+unsuccessfully.
+.\"
+.SH OPTIONS
+
+.IP \fB-L\fB
+Requires the given files to exist and be symbolic links.
+.IP \fB-S\fP
+Requires the given files to exist and be sockets.
+.IP \fB-b\fP
+Requires the given files to exist and be block special files.
+.IP \fB-c\fP
+Requires the given files to exist and be character special files.
+.IP \fB-d\fP
+Requires the given files to exist and be directories.
+.IP \fB-e\fP
+Requires the given files to exist, and is redundant to any other option.
+.IP \fB-f\fP
+Requires the given files to exist and be regular files.
+.IP \fB-g\fP
+Requires the given files to exist and have their set group ID flags set.
+.IP \fB-k\fP
+Requires the given files to exist and have their sticky bit set.
+.IP \fB-p\fP
+Requires the given files to exist and be named pipes.
+.IP \fB-r\fP
+Requires the given files to exist and be readable.
+.IP \fB-u\fP
+Requires the given files to exist and have their set user ID flags set.
+.IP \fB-w\fP
+Requires the given files to exist and be writable.
+.IP \fB-x\fP
+Requires the given files to exist and be executable.
+.\"
+.SH DIAGNOSTICS
+
+When invoked incorrectly, a debug message will be printed and the program will
+exit with the appropriate
+.BR sysexits.h (3)
+error code.
+.\"
+.SH RATIONALE 
+
+The 
+.BR test (1p)
+utility contains functionality that was broken out into separate programs. Thus,
+the scope of this program is narrower than it. Notably, the
+.B -h
+option is now invalid and therefore shows usage information instead of being an
+alias to the modern
+.B -L
+option.
+.\"
+.SH AUTHOR
+
+Written by DTB
+.MT trinity@trinity.moe
+.ME .
+.\"
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+
+Copyright \(co 2024 DTB. License AGPLv3+: GNU AGPL version 3 or later
+<https://gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html>.
+.\"
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR access (3p),
+.BR lstat (3p),
+.BR test (1p)

docs/str.1

@@ -1,58 +1,60 @@
-.\" Copyright (c) 2023 DTB <trinity@trinity.moe>
-.\" Copyright (c) 2023 Emma Tebibyte <emma@tebibyte.media>
+.\" Copyright (c) 2023–2024 DTB <trinity@trinity.moe>
+.\" Copyright (c) 2023–2024 Emma Tebibyte <emma@tebibyte.media>
 .\"
 .\" This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. To see a copy of this license,
 .\" visit <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/>.
-
-.TH STR 1
-
+.\"
+.TH STR 1 2024-06-17 "Harakit X.X.X"
 .SH NAME
-
-str \(en test the character types of string arguments
-
+str \(en test string arguments
+.\"
 .SH SYNOPSIS
 
 str
 .RB [ type ]
 .RB [ string... ]
-
+.\"
 .SH DESCRIPTION
 
-Str tests each character in an arbitrary quantity of string arguments against
-the function of the same name within ctype(3).
+Test the character types of string arguments.
 
+The tests in this program are equivalent to the functions with the same names in
+.BR ctype.h (0p)
+and are the methods by which string arguments are tested.
+.\"
 .SH DIAGNOSTICS
 
-Str exits successfully if all tests pass and unsuccessfully if a test failed.
-.PP
-Str will exit unsuccessfully if a string is empty, as none of its contents
-passed the test.
-.PP
-Str will print a message to standard error and exit unsuccessfully if used
-improperly.
+If all tests pass, the program will exit successfully. If any of the tests fail,
+the program will exit unsuccessfully with an error code of 1.
 
-.SH DEPRECATED FEATURES
+When invoked incorrectly, a debug message will be printed and the program will
+exit with the appropriate
+.BR sysexits.h (3)
+error code.
+.\"
+.SH CAVEATS
 
-Str used to have an "isvalue" type as an extension to ctype(3). This was
-removed in favor of using strcmp(1) to compare strings against the empty string
-('').
+None of an empty string\(cqs contents pass any of the tests, so the program will
+exit unsuccessfully if one is specified.
 
-.SH BUGS
-
-There's no way of knowing which argument failed the test without re-testing
+There\(cqs no way of knowing which argument failed the test without re-testing
 arguments individually.
-.PP
-If a character in a string isn't valid ASCII str will exit unsuccessfully.
 
+If a character in a string isn\(cqt valid ASCII, the program will exit
+unsuccessfully.
+.\"
 .SH AUTHOR
 
-Written by DTB <trinity@trinity.moe>.
-
+Written by DTB
+.MT trinity@trinity.moe
+.ME .
+.\"
 .SH COPYRIGHT
 
-Copyright © 2023 DTB. License AGPLv3+: GNU AGPL version 3 or later
+Copyright \(co 2023 DTB. License AGPLv3+: GNU AGPL version 3 or later
 <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
-
+.\"
 .SH SEE ALSO
-
-ctype(3), strcmp(1), ascii(7)
+.BR ctype (3p),
+.BR strcmp(1),
+.BR ascii(7)

docs/strcmp.1

@@ -1,63 +1,76 @@
-.\" Copyright (c) 2023 DTB <trinity@trinity.moe>
-.\" Copyright (c) 2023 Emma Tebibyte <emma@tebibyte.media>
+.\" Copyright (c) 2023–2024 DTB <trinity@trinity.moe>
+.\" Copyright (c) 2023–2024 Emma Tebibyte <emma@tebibyte.media>
 .\"
 .\" This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. To see a copy of this license,
 .\" visit <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/>.
-
-
-.TH STRCMP 1
-
+.\"
+.TH STRCMP 1 2024-06-17 "Harakit X.X.X"
 .SH NAME
-
 strcmp \(en compare strings
-
+.\"
 .SH SYNOPSIS
 
 strcmp
 .RM [ string ]
 .RB [ strings... ]
-
+.\"
 .SH DESCRIPTION
 
-Strcmp checks whether the given strings are the same.
-Strcmp exits successfully if the strings are identical. Otherwise, strcmp exits
-with the value 1 if an earlier string has a greater byte value than a later
-string (e.g.
-.R strcmp b a
-)
-and 255 if an earlier string has a lesser byte value (e.g.
-.R strcmp a b
-).
-
+Check whether string arguments are the same.
+.\"
 .SH DIAGNOSTICS
 
-Strcmp will print an error message and exit unsuccessfully with a status
-described in sysexits(3) if used incorrectly (given less than two operands).
+The program will exit successfully if the strings are identical. Otherwise, it
+will exit with an error code of 1 if a string passed has a lesser byte value
+than one of the prior strings:
 
-.SH UNICODE
+.RS
+strcmp b a
+.RE
 
-Strcmp will exit unsuccessfully if the given strings are not identical;
-Unicode strings may need to be normalized if the intent is to check visual
-similarity and not byte similarity.
+or with an error code of 255 if it has a greater byte value than one of the
+prior strings:
 
+.RS
+strcmp a b
+.RE
+
+When invoked incorrectly, a debug message will be printed and the program will
+exit with the appropriate
+.BR sysexits.h (3)
+error code.
+.\"
+.SH CAVEATS
+
+The program will exit unsuccessfully if the given strings are not identical;
+therefore, Unicode strings may need to be normalized if the intent is to check
+visual similarity and not byte similarity.
+.\"
 .SH RATIONALE
 
 The traditional tool for string comparisons in POSIX and other Unix shells has
-been test(1). This tool also handles integer comparisons and file scrutiny.
-These parts of its functionality have been broken out into multiple utilities.
-
-Strcmp’s functionality may be performed on a POSIX-compliant system with
-test(1p).
+been
+.BR test (1).
+This tool also handles integer comparisons and file scrutiny. These parts of its
+functionality have been broken out into multiple utilities.
 
+This program\(cqs functionality may be performed on a POSIX-compliant system
+with
+.BR test (1p).
+.\"
 .SH AUTHOR
 
-Written by DTB <trinity@trinity.moe>.
-
+Written by DTB 
+.MT trinity@trinity.moe
+.ME .
+.\"
 .SH COPYRIGHT
 
-Copyright © 2023 DTB. License AGPLv3+: GNU AGPL version 3 or later
+Copyright \(co 2023 DTB. License AGPLv3+: GNU AGPL version 3 or later
 <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
-
+.\"
 .SH SEE ALSO
-
-strcmp(3), intcmp(1), scrut(1), test(1)
+.BR strcmp (3),
+.BR intcmp (1),
+.BR scrut (1),
+.BR test (1p)

docs/swab.1

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+.\" Copyright (c) 2024 DTB <trinity@trinity.moe>
+.\" Copyright (c) 2024 Emma Tebibyte <emma@tebibyte.media>
+.\"
+.\" This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. To see a copy of this license,
+.\" visit <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/>.
+.\"
+.TH SWAB 1 2024-06-17 "Harakit X.X.X"
+.SH NAME
+swab \(en swap bytes
+.\"
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+
+swab
+.RB ( -f )
+.RB ( -w
+.R [
+.B word size
+.R ])
+.\"
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+
+Swap the latter and former halves of a block of bytes.
+.\"
+.SH OPTIONS
+
+.IP \fB-f\fP
+Ignore SIGINT signal.
+.IP \fB-w\fP
+Configures the word size; that is, the size in bytes of the block size
+on which to operate. The default word size is 2. The word size must be
+cleanly divisible by 2, otherwise the block of bytes being processed can\(cqt be
+halved.
+.\"
+.SH EXAMPLES
+
+The following
+.BR sh (1p)
+line:
+
+.RS
+printf 'hello world!\(rsn' | swab
+.RE
+
+Produces the following output:
+
+.RS
+ehll oowlr!d
+.RE
+.\"
+.SH DIAGNOSTICS
+
+In the event of an error, a debug message will be printed and the program will
+exit with the appropriate
+.BR sysexits.h (3)
+error code.
+.\"
+.SH RATIONALE
+
+This program was modeled and named after the
+.B conv=swab
+functionality specified
+in the
+.BR dd (1p)
+utility. It additionally allows the word size to be configured.
+
+This functionality is useful for fixing the endianness of binary files produced
+on other machines.
+.\"
+.SH AUTHOR
+
+Written by DTB
+.MT trinity@trinity.moe
+.ME .
+.\"
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+
+Copyright \(co 2024 DTB. License AGPLv3+: GNU AGPL version 3 or later
+<https://gnu.org/licenses/agpl.html>.
+.\"
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR dd (1p)

docs/true.1

@@ -1,35 +1,36 @@
-.\" Copyright (c) 2022 DTB <trinity@trinity.moe>
-.\" Copyright (c) 2023 Emma Tebibyte <emma@tebibyte.media>
+.\" Copyright (c) 2022, 2024 DTB <trinity@trinity.moe>
+.\" Copyright (c) 2023–2024 Emma Tebibyte <emma@tebibyte.media>
 .\"
 .\" This work is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. To see a copy of this license,
 .\" visit <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/>.
-
-.TH TRUE 1
-
+.\"
+.TH TRUE 1 2024-06-06 "Harakit X.X.X"
 .SH NAME
-
 true \(en do nothing, successfully
-
+.\"
 .SH DESCRIPTION
 
-True does nothing regardless of operands or standard input.
-True will always return an exit code of 0.
-
+Do nothing regardless of operands or standard input. An exit code of 0 will
+always be returned.
+.\"
 .SH RATIONALE
 
-True exists for the construction of control flow and loops based on a success.
-
-True functions as described in POSIX.1-2017.
-
+In \fIPOSIX.1-2017\fP,
+.BR true (1p)
+exists for the construction of control flow and loops based on a success. This
+implementation functions as described in that standard.
+.\"
 .SH AUTHOR
 
-Written by Emma Tebibyte <emma@tebibyte.media>.
-
+Written by Emma Tebibyte
+.MT emma@tebibyte.media
+.ME .
+.\"
 .SH COPYRIGHT
 
 This work is marked with CC0 1.0. To see a copy of this license, visit
 <http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0>.
-
+.\"
 .SH SEE ALSO
-
-false(1)
+.BR false (1p),
+.BR true (1p)

include/sysexits.h

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2023 DTB <trinity@trinity.moe>
+ * Copyright (c) 2023 Emma Tebibyte <emma@tebibyte.media>
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: CC0
+ *
+ * This work is marked with CC0 1.0. To view a copy of this license, visit
+ * <http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0>.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _SYSEXITS_H
+#define _SYSEXITS_H 2
+
+#ifndef EXIT_FAILURE
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#endif
+
+#define EX_OK EXIT_SUCCESS
+
+#define EX__BASE EXIT_FAILURE /* base value for error messages */
+#define EX_USAGE EXIT_FAILURE /* command line usage error */
+#define EX_DATAERR EXIT_FAILURE /* data format error */
+#define EX_NOINPUT EXIT_FAILURE /* cannot open input */
+#define EX_NOUSER EXIT_FAILURE /* addressee unknown */
+#define EX_NOHOST EXIT_FAILURE /* host name unknown */
+#define EX_UNAVAILABLE EXIT_FAILURE /* service unavailable */
+#define EX_SOFTWARE EXIT_FAILURE /* internal software error */
+#define EX_OSERR EXIT_FAILURE /* system error (e.g., can't fork) */
+#define EX_OSFILE EXIT_FAILURE /* critical OS file missing */
+#define EX_CANTCREAT EXIT_FAILURE /* can't create (user) output file */
+#define EX_IOERR EXIT_FAILURE /* input/output error */
+#define EX_TEMPFAIL EXIT_FAILURE /* temp failure; user is invited to retry */
+#define EX_PROTOCOL EXIT_FAILURE /* remote error in protocol */
+#define EX_NOPERM EXIT_FAILURE /* permission denied */
+#define EX_CONFIG EXIT_FAILURE /* configuration error */
+
+#define EX__MAX EXIT_FAILURE /* maximum listed value */
+
+#endif

src/dj.c

@@ -0,0 +1,452 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 DTB <trinity@trinity.moe>
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+ * the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free
+ * Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any
+ * later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Affero General Public License for more
+ * details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
+ */
+
+#include <ctype.h> /* isupper(3), tolower(3) */
+#include <errno.h> /* errno */
+#include <fcntl.h> /* open(2) */
+#include <stdio.h> /* fprintf(3), stderr */
+#include <stdlib.h> /* free(3), malloc(3), strtol(3), size_t */
+#include <string.h> /* memcpy(3), memmove(3), memset(3) */
+#include <sysexits.h> /* EX_OK, EX_USAGE */
+#include <unistd.h> /* close(2), getopt(3), lseek(2), read(2), write(2),
+                     * optarg, optind, STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO */
+extern int errno;
+
+/* dj uses two structures that respectively correspond to the reading and
+ * writing ends of its jockeyed "pipe". User-configurable members are noted
+ * with their relevant options. */
+struct Io{
+	int bs;			/* buffer size (-bB) */
+	size_t bufuse;	/* buffer usage */
+	char *buf;		/* buffer */
+	int bytes;		/* bytes processed */
+	int fd;			/* file descriptor */
+	int fl;			/* file opening flags */
+	char *fn;		/* file name (may be stdin_name or stdout_name) (-io) */
+	int prec;		/* partial records processed */
+	int rec;		/* records processed */
+	long seek;		/* bytes to seek/skip (will be 0 after skippage) (-sS) */
+} ep[2]; /* "engineered pipe"; also "extended play", for the deejay */
+
+/* Additionally, the following global variables are used to store user options.
+ */
+
+/* (-a)  */ static int align; /* Only the lower 8b are used but align is
+                               * negative if no alignment is being done. */
+
+/* (-c)  */ static int count; /* 0 if dj(1) runs until no more reads are
+                               * possible. */
+
+/* ASCII field separator delimited statistics */
+            static char *fmt_asv   = "%d\037%d\036%d\037%d\035%d\036%d\034";
+/* human-readable statistics */
+            static char *fmt_human = "%d+%d > %d+%d; %d > %d\n";
+/* pointer to chosen formatting */
+/* (-H)  */ static char *fmt_output; /* fmt_asv (default) or fmt_human (-H) */
+
+/* (-dq) */ static char debug;       /*
+ *  -d  increments             dj -qq | 0 - no diagnostic output whatsoever
+ *   -q decrements             dj -q  | 1 - typical output without
+ *                                    |     notifications on partial reads or
+ *                                    |     writes
+ *                             dj     | 2 - typical output (default)
+ *                             dj -d  | 3 - verbose status messages */
+
+/* (-n)  */ static char noerror;     /* 0 - exits on partial reads or writes
+                                      *     (default)
+                                      * 1 - retries on partial reads/writes
+                                      *     (-n) */
+
+/* Non-configurable defaults. */
+#define bs_default 1024 /* GNU dd(1) default; twice POSIX but a neat 2^10 */
+static char *program_name = "<no argv[0]>";
+static char *stdin_name = "<stdin>";
+static char *stdout_name = "<stdout>";
+static int read_flags = O_RDONLY; /* These flags are consistent with Busybox */
+static int write_flags = O_WRONLY | O_CREAT; /* dd(1). */
+
+/* Macro to set defaults for user-configurable options. */
+#define setdefaults do{ \
+	align = -1; \
+	count = 0; \
+	debug = 2; \
+	fmt_output = fmt_asv; \
+	noerror = 0; \
+	ep[0].fl = read_flags; \
+	Io_setdefaults(&ep[0]); \
+	ep[1].fl = write_flags; \
+	Io_setdefaults(&ep[1]); }while(0)
+
+#define MIN(a, b) (((a) < (b)) ? (a) : (b))
+
+/* Macro to check if fd is a std* file, e.g. stdin. */
+#define fdisstd(fd) \
+		((fd) == STDIN_FILENO \
+		|| (fd) == STDOUT_FILENO \
+		|| (fd) == STDERR_FILENO)
+
+/* Macro to call the cleanup functions that operate on struct io on the
+ * particular io[2] used in main. Error conditions are not checked because this
+ * is only used when the program is about to terminate (hence its name). */
+#define terminate(io) do{ \
+	Io_buffree(&(io)[0]); \
+	Io_buffree(&(io)[1]); \
+	Io_fdclose(&(io)[0]); \
+	Io_fdclose(&(io)[1]); }while(0)
+
+/* Allocates *io's buffer. Returns NULL if unsuccessful. */
+static void *
+Io_bufalloc(struct Io *io){
+
+	return (io->buf = malloc(io->bs * (sizeof *io->buf)));
+}
+
+/* Frees *io's buffer. Returns io. */
+static struct Io *
+Io_buffree(struct Io *io){
+
+	free(io->buf);
+
+	return io;
+}
+
+/* Fills the unused portion of io's buffer with padding, updating io->bufuse.
+ * Returns io. */
+static struct Io *
+Io_bufrpad(struct Io *io, int padding){
+	
+	memset(io->buf + io->bufuse, padding, io->bs - io->bufuse);
+	io->bufuse = io->bs;
+
+	return io;
+}
+
+/* Copies from the buffer in src as much as possible to the free space in the
+ * dest buffer, removing the copied units from src and permuting the remaining
+ * units in the src buffer to the start of the buffer, modifying both the src
+ * and dest bufuse and returning dest. */
+static struct Io*
+Io_bufxapp(struct Io *dest, struct Io *src){
+	int n;
+
+	n = MIN(src->bufuse, dest->bs - dest->bufuse);
+	memcpy(dest->buf + dest->bufuse, src->buf, n);
+	dest->bufuse += n;
+	memmove(src->buf, src->buf + n, src->bs - n);
+	src->bufuse -= n;
+
+	return dest;
+}
+
+/* Copies from the buffer in src to the buffer in dest no more than n units,
+ * removing the copied units from src and permuting the remaining units in the
+ * src buffer to the start of the buffer, modifying both the src and dest
+ * bufuse and returning dest. */
+static struct Io*
+Io_bufxfer(struct Io *dest, struct Io *src, int n){
+
+	memcpy(dest->buf, src->buf, (dest->bufuse = n));
+	memmove(src->buf, src->buf + n, (src->bufuse -= n));
+
+	return dest;
+}
+
+/* Closes io->fn and returns -1 on error, otherwise io->fd. */
+static int
+Io_fdclose(struct Io *io){
+
+	return fdisstd(io->fd)
+		? 0
+		: close(io->fd);
+}
+
+/* Opens io->fn and saves the file descriptor into io->fd. Returns io->fd,
+ * which will be -1 if an error occured. */
+static int
+Io_fdopen(struct Io *io, char *fn){
+	int fd;
+	
+	if((fd = open(fn, io->fl,
+					/* these are the flags used by touch(1p) */
+					S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP | S_IROTH | S_IWOTH))
+				!= -1
+			&& Io_fdclose(io) == 0){
+		io->fd = fd;
+		io->fn = fn;
+	}
+
+	return fd;
+}
+
+/* Seeks io->seek bytes through *io's file descriptor, (counter-intuitively)
+ * returning -1 if successful and a sysexits.h exit code if an unrecoverable
+ * error occurred. io->buf will be cleared of useful bytes and io->seek will
+ * be set to zero to indicate the seek occurred. */
+static int
+Io_fdseek(struct Io *io){
+	int (*op)(int, void *, size_t);
+	
+	if(!fdisstd(io->fd) && lseek(io->fd, io->seek, SEEK_SET) != -1)
+		return -1;
+
+	/* repeated code to get the condition out of the loop */
+	if(io->fl == write_flags){
+		memset(io->buf, '\0', io->bs);
+		/* We're going to cheat and use bufuse as the retval for write(2),
+		 * which is fine because it'll be zeroed as this function returns
+		 * anyway. */
+		do{
+			if((io->bufuse = write(io->fd, io->buf, MIN(io->bs, io->seek)))
+					== 0)
+				/* second chance */
+				io->bufuse = write(io->fd, io->buf, MIN(io->bs, io->seek));
+		}while((io->seek -= io->bufuse) > 0 && io->bufuse != 0);
+	}else if(io->fl == read_flags){
+		do{
+			if((io->bufuse = read(io->fd, io->buf, MIN(io->bs, io->seek)))
+					== 0)
+				/* second chance */
+				io->bufuse = read(io->fd, io->buf, MIN(io->bs, io->seek));
+		}while((io->seek -= io->bufuse) > 0 && io->bufuse != 0);
+	}else
+		return EX_SOFTWARE;
+
+	io->bufuse = 0;
+
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/* Reads io->bs bytes from *io's file descriptor into io->buf, storing the
+ * number of read bytes in io->bufuse and updating io->bytes. If io->bufuse is
+ * 0, errno will probably be set. Returns io. */
+static struct Io *
+Io_read(struct Io *io){
+
+	io->bytes += (io->bufuse = read(io->fd, io->buf, io->bs));
+
+	return io;
+}
+
+/* Sets the variables in a struct *io to the defaults. Identifies the read/
+ * write ends of the "pipe" by checking io->fl. Returns io. */
+static struct Io *
+Io_setdefaults(struct Io *io){
+
+	io->bs = bs_default;
+	io->buf = NULL;
+	io->bytes = 0;
+	io->fd = (io->fl == read_flags) ? STDIN_FILENO : STDOUT_FILENO;
+	io->fn = (io->fl == read_flags) ? stdin_name   : stdout_name;
+	io->prec = 0;
+	io->rec = 0;
+	io->seek = 0;
+
+	return io;
+}
+
+/* Writes io->bufuse units from io->buf to io->fd, permuting any unwritten
+ * bytes to the start of io->buf and updating io->bufuse. If io->bufuse doesn't
+ * change, errno will probably be set. Returns io. */
+static struct Io *
+Io_write(struct Io *io){
+	int t;
+
+	if((t = write(io->fd, io->buf, io->bufuse)) > 0)
+		memmove(io->buf, io->buf + t, (io->bufuse -= t));
+	io->bytes += t;
+
+	return io;
+}
+
+/* Prints an error message suitable for the event of an operating system error,
+ * with the error itself to be described in the string s. */
+static int
+oserr(char *s){
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: %s\n", program_name, s, strerror(errno));
+
+	return EX_OSERR;
+}
+
+/* Prints statistics regarding the use of dj, particularly partially and
+ * completely read and written records, accessing debug, ep, and fmt_output. */
+static void
+output(void){
+
+	if(debug >= 1)
+		fprintf(stderr, fmt_output,
+			ep[0].rec, ep[0].prec, ep[1].rec, ep[1].prec,
+			ep[0].bytes, ep[1].bytes);
+
+	return;
+}
+
+/* Parses the string s to an integer, returning either the integer or in the
+ * case of an error a negative integer. This is used for argument parsing
+ * (e.g. -B [int]) in dj and no negative integer would be valid anyway. */
+static long
+parse(char *s){
+	long r;
+
+	errno = 0;
+	r = strtol(s, &s, 0);
+	return (*s == '\0' /* no chars left unparsed */ && errno == 0)
+		? r
+		: -1;
+}
+
+static int
+usage(void){
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s (-AdfHqQ) (-a [byte]) (-c [count])\n"
+		"\t(-i [input file]) (-b [input block size]) (-s [input offset])\n"
+		"\t(-o [output file]) (-B [output block size]) (-S [output offset])\n",
+		program_name);
+
+	return EX_USAGE;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
+	int c;
+	int i;
+
+	setdefaults;
+
+	if(argc > 0){
+		program_name = argv[0];
+		while((c = getopt(argc, argv, "a:Ab:B:c:di:hHnqs:S:o:")) != -1)
+			switch(c){
+			case 'i': case 'o':
+				i = (c == 'o');
+				if(optarg[0] == '-' && optarg[1] == '\0'){ /* optarg == "-" */
+					ep[i].fd = (i == 0) ? STDIN_FILENO : STDOUT_FILENO;
+					ep[i].fn = (i == 0) ? stdin_name   : stdout_name;
+					break;
+				}else if(Io_fdopen(&ep[i], optarg) != -1)
+					break;
+				terminate(ep);
+				return oserr(optarg);
+			case 'A': align = '\0'; break;
+			case 'd': ++debug; break;
+			case 'n': noerror = 1; break;
+			case 'H': fmt_output = fmt_human; break;
+			case 'q': --debug; break;
+			case 'a':
+				if(optarg[0] != '\0' && optarg[1] == '\0'){
+					align = optarg[0];
+					break;
+				}
+				/* FALLTHROUGH */
+			case 'c': case 'b': case 's': case 'B': case 'S':
+				if(c == 'c' && (count = parse(optarg)) >= 0)
+					break;
+				i = isupper(c);
+				c = tolower(c);
+				if((c == 'b' && (ep[i].bs = parse(optarg)) > 0)
+						|| (c == 's' && (ep[i].seek = parse(optarg)) >= 0))
+					break;
+				/* FALLTHROUGH */
+			default:
+				terminate(ep);
+				return usage();
+			}
+	}
+
+	if(debug >= 3)
+		fprintf(stderr,
+			"argv0=%s\n"
+			"in=%s\tibs=%d\tskip=%ld\talign=%hhx\tcount=%d\n"
+			"out=%s\tobs=%d\tseek=%ld\tdebug=%2d\tnoerror=%d\n",
+			program_name,
+			ep[0].fn, ep[0].bs, ep[0].seek, align, count,
+			ep[1].fn, ep[1].bs, ep[1].seek, debug, noerror);
+
+	if(argc > optind){
+		terminate(ep);
+		return usage();
+	}
+
+	for(i = 0; i <= 1; ++i){
+		if(Io_bufalloc(&ep[i]) == NULL){
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s: Failed to allocate %d bytes\n",
+				program_name, ep[i].bs);
+			terminate(ep);
+			return EX_OSERR;
+		}else if(ep[i].seek > 0)
+			switch(Io_fdseek(&ep[i])){
+			case EX_OK:
+				output();
+				terminate(ep);
+				return EX_OK;
+			}
+	}
+
+	do{	/* read */
+		Io_read(&ep[0]);
+		if(!noerror && ep[0].bufuse == 0)
+			Io_read(&ep[0]); /* second chance */
+		if(ep[0].bufuse == 0) /* that's all she wrote */
+			break;
+		else if(ep[0].bufuse < ep[0].bs){
+			++ep[0].prec;
+			if(debug >= 2){
+				fprintf(stderr, "%s: Partial read:\n\t", program_name);
+				output();
+			}
+			if(!noerror)
+				count = 1;
+			if(align >= 0)
+				Io_bufrpad(&ep[0], align);
+		}else
+			++ep[0].rec;
+
+		/* write */
+		do{	if(ep[1].bs > ep[0].bs){ /* io[1].bs > io[0].bs */
+				Io_bufxapp(&ep[1], &ep[0]);
+				if(ep[0].bs + ep[1].bufuse <= ep[1].bs && count != 1)
+					continue; /* we could write more */
+			}else
+				Io_bufxfer(&ep[1], &ep[0], MIN(ep[0].bufuse, ep[1].bs));
+
+			c = ep[1].bufuse;
+			Io_write(&ep[1]);
+			if(!noerror && ep[1].bufuse == c)
+				Io_write(&ep[1]); /* second chance */
+			if(c == ep[1].bufuse){ /* no more love */
+				count = 1;
+				break;
+			}else if(c > ep[1].bufuse && ep[1].bufuse > 0){
+				ep[1].prec += 1;
+				if(debug >= 2){
+					fprintf(stderr, "%s: Partial write:\n\t", program_name);
+					output();
+				}
+				if(!noerror)
+					count = 1;
+			}else if(ep[1].bufuse == 0 && c < ep[1].bs)
+				++ep[1].prec;
+			else
+				++ep[1].rec;
+		}while(ep[0].bufuse > 0);
+	}while(count == 0 || --count > 0);
+
+	output();
+	terminate(ep);
+
+	return EX_OK;
+}

src/fop.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2023–2024 Emma Tebibyte <emma@tebibyte.media>
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+ * the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free
+ * Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any
+ * later version.
+ * 
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Affero General Public License for more
+ * details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
+ */
+
+use std::{
+	env::args,
+	io::{ Read, stdin, stdout, Write },
+	process::{ Command, exit, Stdio },
+};
+
+extern crate getopt;
+extern crate strerror;
+extern crate sysexits;
+
+use getopt::GetOpt;
+use strerror::StrError;
+use sysexits::{ EX_DATAERR, EX_IOERR, EX_UNAVAILABLE, EX_USAGE };
+
+fn main() {
+	let argv = args().collect::<Vec<String>>();
+	let mut d = '\u{1E}'.to_string();
+	let mut index_arg = 0;
+
+	let usage = format!(
+		"Usage: {} [-d delimiter] index command [args...]",
+		argv[0],
+	);
+
+	while let Some(opt) = argv.getopt("d:") {
+		match opt.opt() {
+			Ok(_) => {
+				/* unwrap because Err(OptError::MissingArg) will be returned if
+				 * opt.arg() is None */
+				d = opt.arg().unwrap();
+				index_arg = opt.ind();
+			},
+			Err(_) => {
+				eprintln!("{}", usage);
+				exit(EX_USAGE);
+			}
+		};
+	}
+
+	let command_arg = index_arg as usize + 1;
+
+	argv.get(command_arg).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+		eprintln!("{}", usage);
+		exit(EX_USAGE);
+	});
+
+	let index = argv[index_arg].parse::<usize>().unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+		eprintln!("{}: {}: {}", argv[0], argv[1], e);
+		exit(EX_DATAERR);
+	});
+
+	let mut buf = String::new();
+	let _ = stdin().read_to_string(&mut buf);
+	let mut fields = buf.split(&d).collect::<Vec<&str>>();
+
+	let opts = argv
+		.iter()
+		.clone()
+		.skip(command_arg + 1)
+		.collect::<Vec<&String>>();
+
+	let mut spawned = Command::new(argv.get(command_arg).unwrap())
+		.args(opts)
+		.stdin(Stdio::piped())
+		.stdout(Stdio::piped())
+		.spawn()
+		.unwrap_or_else( |e| {
+			eprintln!("{}: {}: {}", argv[0], argv[command_arg], e.strerror());
+			exit(EX_UNAVAILABLE);
+		});
+
+	let field = fields.get(index).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+		eprintln!(
+			"{}: {}: No such index in input",
+			argv[0],
+			index.to_string(),
+		);
+		exit(EX_DATAERR);
+	});
+
+	if let Some(mut child_stdin) = spawned.stdin.take() {
+		let _ = child_stdin.write_all(field.as_bytes());
+		drop(child_stdin);
+	}
+
+	let output = spawned.wait_with_output().unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+		eprintln!("{}: {}: {}", argv[0], argv[command_arg], e.strerror());
+		exit(EX_IOERR);
+	});
+
+	let mut replace = output.stdout.clone();
+
+	if replace.pop() != Some(b'\n') { replace = output.stdout; }
+
+	let new_field = String::from_utf8(replace).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+		eprintln!("{}: {}: {}", argv[0], argv[command_arg], e);
+		exit(EX_IOERR);
+	});
+
+	fields[index] = &new_field;
+
+	stdout().write_all(
+		fields.join(&d.to_string()).as_bytes()
+	).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+		eprintln!("{}: {}", argv[0], e.strerror());
+		exit(EX_IOERR);
+	});
+}

src/hru.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2023–2024 Emma Tebibyte <emma@tebibyte.media>
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+ * the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free
+ * Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any
+ * later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Affero General Public License for more
+ * details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
+ */
+
+use std::{
+	cmp::Ordering,
+	env::args,
+	io::{ stdin, stdout, Write },
+	process::{ ExitCode, exit },
+};
+
+extern crate strerror;
+extern crate sysexits;
+
+use strerror::StrError;
+use sysexits::{ EX_DATAERR, EX_IOERR, EX_SOFTWARE };
+
+const LIST: [(u32, &str); 10] = [
+	(3, "k"),
+	(6, "M"),
+	(9, "G"),
+	(12, "T"),
+	(15, "P"),
+	(18, "E"),
+	(21, "Z"),
+	(24, "Y"),
+	(27, "R"),
+	(30, "Q")
+];
+
+fn convert(input: u128) -> Result<(f64, (u32, &'static str)), String> {
+
+	let mut out = (input as f64, (0_u32, ""));
+	if input < 1000 { return Ok(out); }
+
+	for (n, p) in LIST {
+		let c = match 10_u128.checked_pow(n) {
+			Some(c) => c,
+			None => {
+				return Err(format!("10^{}: Integer overflow", n.to_string()));
+			},
+		};
+
+		match c.cmp(&input) {
+			Ordering::Less => {
+				out = (input as f64 / c as f64, (n, p));
+			},
+			Ordering::Equal => {
+				return Ok((input as f64 / c as f64, (n, p)));
+			},
+			Ordering::Greater => {},
+		};
+	}
+
+	Ok(out)
+}
+
+fn main() -> ExitCode {
+	let argv = args().collect::<Vec<String>>();
+	let mut buf = String::new();
+	while let Ok(_) = stdin().read_line(&mut buf) {
+		if buf.is_empty() { return ExitCode::SUCCESS; }
+
+		let n: u128 = match buf.trim().parse() {
+			Ok(f) => {
+				buf.clear();
+				f
+			},
+			Err(err) => {
+				eprintln!("{}: {}", argv[0], err);
+				return ExitCode::from(EX_DATAERR as u8);
+			},
+		};
+
+		let (number, prefix) = match convert(n) {
+			Ok(x) => x,
+			Err(err) => {
+				eprintln!("{}: {}", argv[0], err);
+				return ExitCode::from(EX_SOFTWARE as u8);
+			},
+		};
+
+		let si_prefix = format!("{}B", prefix.1);
+
+		let out = ((number * 10.0).round() / 10.0).to_string();
+
+		stdout().write_all(format!("{} {}\n", out, si_prefix).as_bytes())
+			.unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+				eprintln!("{}: {}", argv[0], e.strerror());
+				exit(EX_IOERR);
+			});
+	}
+
+	ExitCode::SUCCESS
+}

src/intcmp.c

@@ -18,11 +18,9 @@
 
 #include <errno.h> /* errno */
 #include <stdio.h> /* fprintf(3), stderr */
-#include <stdlib.h> /* strtol(3), size_t */
-#ifndef EX_USAGE
-#	include <sysexits.h> /* EX_USAGE */
-#endif
+#include <stdlib.h> /* strtol(3), size_t, EXIT_FAILURE */
 #include <unistd.h> /* getopt(3), optind */
+#include <sysexits.h>
 
 /* 0b00? */		/*                     Equal | -e  | 0b001 | 1 */
 #define EQUAL	0x01	/*                   Greater | -g  | 0b010 | 2 */

src/libfileis.c

@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) 2023 DTB <trinity@trinity.moe>
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
- * the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free
- * Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any
- * later version.
- * 
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
- * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Affero General Public License for more
- * details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
- * along with this program. If not, see https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
- */
-
-#include "libfileis.h"
-
-#include <unistd.h> /* access(3), F_OK, R_OK, W_OK, X_OK */
-
-int f_executable(char *path){	return access(path, X_OK) == 0; } /* test -x */
-int f_exists(char *path){	return access(path, F_OK) == 0; } /* test -e */
-int f_readable(char *path){	return access(path, R_OK) == 0; } /* test -r */
-int f_writeable(char *path){	return access(path, W_OK) == 0; } /* test -w */
-
-#include <sys/stat.h> /* lstat(3), struct stat, S_ISBLK, S_ISCHR, S_ISDIR,
-                       * S_ISFIFO, S_ISGID, S_ISREG, S_ISLNK, S_ISSOCK,
-                       * S_ISUID, S_ISVTX */
-
-static struct stat buf;
-
-int f_blockspecial(char *path){ /* test -b */
-	return lstat(path, &buf) != -1 && S_ISBLK(buf.st_mode);
-}
-int f_charspecial(char *path){ /* test -c */
-	return lstat(path, &buf) != -1 && S_ISCHR(buf.st_mode);
-}
-int f_directory(char *path){ /* test -d */
-	return lstat(path, &buf) != -1 && S_ISDIR(buf.st_mode);
-}
-int f_fifospecial(char *path){ /* test -p */
-	return lstat(path, &buf) != -1 && S_ISFIFO(buf.st_mode);
-}
-int f_gid(char *path){ /* test -g */
-	return lstat(path, &buf) != -1 && (buf.st_mode & S_ISGID);
-}
-int f_regular(char *path){ /* test -f */
-	return lstat(path, &buf) != -1 && S_ISREG(buf.st_mode);
-}
-int f_socket(char *path){ /* test -S */
-	return lstat(path, &buf) != -1 && S_ISSOCK(buf.st_mode);
-}
-int f_sticky(char *path){ /* test -k */
-	return lstat(path, &buf) != -1 && (buf.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
-}
-int f_symlink(char *path){ /* test -h; test -L */
-	return lstat(path, &buf) != -1 && S_ISLNK(buf.st_mode);
-}
-int f_uid(char *path){ /* test -u */
-	return lstat(path, &buf) != -1 && (buf.st_mode & S_ISUID);
-}

src/libfileis.h

@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) 2023 DTB <trinity@trinity.moe>
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
- *
- * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
- * the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free
- * Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any
- * later version.
- * 
- * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
- * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
- * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Affero General Public License for more
- * details.
- *
- * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
- * along with this program. If not, see https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
- */
-
-/* libfileis functions return true if the condition is true and false if the
- * condition is false. Returned values are 0 or 1 only. */
-
-/* True if file exists and is a block special file. */
-	int f_blockspecial(char *path);
-
-/* True if file exists and is a character special file. */
-	int f_charspecial(char *path);
-
-/* True if file exists and is a directory. */
-	int f_directory(char *path);
-
-/* True if file exists and is executable. */
-	int f_executable(char *path);
-
-/* True if file exists (regardless of type). */
-	int f_exists(char *path);
-
-/* True if file exists and is a named pipe (FIFO). */
-	int f_fifospecial(char *path);
-
-/* True if file exists and its set group ID flag is set. */
-	int f_gid(char *path);
-
-/* True if file exists and is readable. */
-	int f_readable(char *path);
-
-/* True if file exists and is a regular file. */
-	int f_regular(char *path);
-
-/* True if file exists and is a socket. */
-	int f_socket(char *path);
-
-/* True if file exists and its sticky bit is set. */
-	int f_sticky(char *path);
-
-/* True if file exists and is a symbolic link. */
-	int f_symlink(char *path);
-
-/* True if file exists and its set user ID flag is set. */
-	int f_uid(char *path);
-
-/* True if file exists and is writeable. */
-	int f_writeable(char *path);

src/libgetopt.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2023–2024 Emma Tebibyte <emma@tebibyte.media>
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+ * the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free
+ * Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any
+ * later version.
+ * 
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Affero General Public License for more
+ * details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
+ */
+
+use std::ffi::{ c_int, c_char, CString, CStr };
+
+/* binding to getopt(3p) */
+extern "C" {
+	static mut optarg: *mut c_char;
+	static mut _opterr: c_int;
+	static mut optind: c_int;
+	static mut optopt: c_int;
+
+	fn getopt(
+		___argc: c_int,
+		___argv: *const *mut c_char,
+		__shortopts: *const c_char,
+	) -> c_int;
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub enum OptError {
+	MissingArg(String),
+	UnknownOpt(String),
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct Opt {
+	arg: Option<String>, /* option argument */
+	ind: *mut i32, /* option index */
+	opt: Result<String, OptError>, /* option option */
+}
+
+impl Opt {
+	pub fn arg(&self) -> Option<String> { self.arg.clone() }
+
+	/* sets optarg if default is desired */
+	pub fn arg_or(&self, default: impl std::fmt::Display) -> String {
+		default.to_string()
+	}
+
+	/* makes matching the output of this method more bearable */
+	pub fn opt(&self) -> Result<&str, OptError> {
+		self.opt.as_ref().map(|o| o.as_str()).map_err(OptError::clone)
+	}
+
+	/* From getopt(3p):
+	 *
+	 * The variable optind is the index of the next element of the argv[]
+	 * vector to be processed. It shall be initialized to 1 by the system, and
+	 * getopt() shall update it when it finishes with each element of argv[].
+	 * If the application sets optind to zero  before calling getopt(), the
+	 * behavior is unspecified. When an element of argv[] contains multiple
+	 * option characters, it is unspecified how getopt() determines which
+	 * options have already been processed. */
+	pub fn ind(&self) -> usize { unsafe { *self.ind as usize } }
+
+	/* this is patently terrible and is only happening because I’m stubborn */
+	pub fn set_ind(&self, ind: i32) { unsafe { *self.ind = ind; } }
+}
+
+/* function signature */
+pub trait GetOpt {
+	fn getopt(&self, optstring: &str) -> Option<Opt>;
+}
+
+impl GetOpt for Vec<String> {
+    fn getopt(&self, optstring: &str) -> Option<Opt> {
+        let c_strings: Vec<_> = self
+			.iter()
+			.cloned()
+			.map(|x| CString::new(x).unwrap().into_raw())
+			.collect();
+
+		/* god knows what this does */
+		let boxed = Box::into_raw(c_strings.into_boxed_slice());
+		let argv = boxed as *const *mut c_char;
+
+		/* operations are separated out so that everything lives long enough */
+        let opts = CString::new(optstring).unwrap().into_raw();
+        let len = self.len() as c_int;
+
+        unsafe {
+            let ret = match getopt(len, argv, opts) { 
+				/* From getopt(3p):
+				 *
+				 * The getopt() function shall return the next option character
+				 * specified on the command line.
+				 *
+				 * A <colon> (':') shall be returned if getopt() detects a
+				 * missing argument and the first character of optstring was a
+				 * <colon> (':').
+				 *
+				 * A <question-mark> ('?') shall be returned if getopt()
+				 * encounters an option character not in optstring or detects a
+				 * missing argument and the first character of optstring was not
+				 * a <colon> (':').
+				 *
+				 * Otherwise, getopt() shall return -1 when all command line
+				 * options are parsed. */
+				58 => { /* ASCII ':' */
+					Some(Opt {
+						arg: None,
+						ind: std::ptr::addr_of_mut!(optind),
+						/* error containing option */
+						opt: Err(OptError::MissingArg(optopt.to_string())),
+					})
+				},
+				63 => { /* ASCII '?' */
+					Some(Opt {
+						arg: None,
+						ind: std::ptr::addr_of_mut!(optind),
+						/* error containing option */
+						opt: Err(OptError::UnknownOpt(optopt.to_string())),
+					})
+				},
+				/* From getopt(3p):
+				 *
+				 * If, when getopt() is called:
+				 *
+				 * argv[optind]  is a null pointer
+				 * *argv[optind]  is not the character -
+				 * argv[optind]  points to the string "-"
+				 *
+				 * getopt() shall return -1 without changing optind.  If:
+				 *
+				 * argv[optind]   points to the string "--"
+				 *
+				 * getopt() shall return -1 after incrementing optind. */
+                -1 => return None,
+                opt => {
+					let arg: Option<String>;
+
+					if optarg.is_null() { arg = None; }
+					else {
+						arg = Some(CStr::from_ptr(optarg)
+							.to_string_lossy()
+							.into_owned());
+					}
+
+					Some(Opt {
+						arg,
+						ind: std::ptr::addr_of_mut!(optind),
+						/* I didn’t need to cast this before; I rewrote the
+						 * pointer logic and now I do
+						 *
+						 * I don’t know why this is */
+						opt: Ok((opt as u8 as char).to_string()),
+					})
+				},
+            };
+
+			/* delloc argv (something online said I should do this) */
+			let _ = Box::from_raw(boxed);
+			return ret;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/* tests (good) */
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+	use GetOpt;
+
+	#[test]
+	fn testing() {
+		let argv: Vec<String> = ["test", "-b", "-f", "arg", "-o", "arg"]
+			.iter()
+			.map(|s| s.to_string())
+			.collect();
+
+		while let Some(opt) = argv.getopt(":abf:o:") {
+			match opt.opt() {
+				Ok("a") => assert_eq!(opt.ind(), 1),
+				Ok("b") => assert_eq!(opt.ind(), 2),
+				Ok("f") | Ok("o") => {
+					assert_eq!(opt.arg(), Some("arg".into()));
+				},
+				_ => assert!(false),
+			};
+		}
+
+		if let Some(opt) = argv.getopt("abc:") {
+			opt.clone().set_ind(1);
+			assert_eq!(opt.ind(), 1);
+		}
+	}
+}

src/libstrerror.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 Emma Tebibyte <emma@tebibyte.media>
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: FSFAP
+ *
+ * Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification, are
+ * permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright notice and
+ * this notice are preserved.  This file is offered as-is, without any warranty.
+ */
+
+use std::ffi::{ c_int, c_char, CStr };
+
+pub trait StrError { fn strerror(&self) -> String; }
+
+impl StrError for std::io::Error {
+	/* wrapper function for use in Rust */
+	fn strerror(&self) -> String {
+		/* Get the raw OS error. If it’s None, what the hell is going on‽ */
+		let errno = self.raw_os_error().unwrap_or(0) as c_int;
+
+		/* Get a CStr from the error message so that it’s referenced and then
+		 * convert it to an owned value. If the string is not valid UTF-8,
+		 * return that error instead. */
+		match unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(strerror(errno)) }.to_str() {
+			Ok(s) => s.to_owned(), // yay!! :D
+			Err(e) => e.to_string(), // awww :(
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/* binding to strerror(3p) */
+extern "C" { fn strerror(errnum: c_int) -> *mut c_char; }

src/mm.c

@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 DTB <trinity@trinity.moe>
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+ * the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free
+ * Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any
+ * later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Affero General Public License for more
+ * details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
+ */
+
+#include <errno.h> /* errno */
+#include <signal.h> /* signal(2), SIG_ERR, SIG_IGN, SIGINT */
+#include <stdio.h> /* fclose(3), fopen(3), fprintf(3), getc(3), putc(3),
+                    * setvbuf(3), size_t, _IONBF, NULL */
+#include <stdlib.h> /* free(3), realloc(3) */
+#include <string.h> /* strcmp(3), strerror(3) */
+#include <unistd.h> /* getopt(3) */
+#if !defined EX_IOERR || !defined EX_OK || !defined EX_OSERR \
+		|| !defined EX_USAGE
+#	include <sysexits.h>
+#endif
+extern int errno;
+
+/* This structure is how open files are tracked. */
+struct Files{
+	size_t a;	/* allocation */
+	size_t s;	/* used size */
+	char *mode;	/* file opening mode */
+	char **names;	/* file names */
+	FILE **files;	/* file pointers */
+};
+
+/* How much to grow the allocation when it's saturated. */
+#ifndef ALLOC_INCREMENT
+#	define ALLOC_INCREMENT 1
+#endif
+
+/* How much to grow the allocation at program start. */
+#ifndef ALLOC_INITIAL
+#	define ALLOC_INITIAL 10
+#endif
+
+/* pre-allocated strings */
+static char *program_name = "<no argv[0]>";
+static char *stdin_name = "<stdin>";
+static char *stdout_name = "<stdout>";
+static char *stderr_name = "<stderr>";
+static char *(fmode[]) = { (char []){"rb"}, (char []){"rb+"} };
+static char *wharsh = "wb";
+
+/* Adds the open FILE pointer for the file at the path s to the files struct,
+ * returning the FILE if successful and NULL if not, allocating more memory in
+ * the files buffers as needed. */
+static FILE *
+Files_append(struct Files *files, FILE *file, char *name){
+
+	if(file == NULL || (files->s == files->a
+			&& ((files->files = realloc(files->files,
+					(files->a += (files->a == 0)
+						? ALLOC_INITIAL
+						: ALLOC_INCREMENT)
+					* sizeof *(files->files))) == NULL
+				|| (files->names = realloc(files->names,
+					files->a * sizeof *(files->names))) == NULL)))
+		return NULL;
+
+	files->names[files->s] = name;
+	return files->files[files->s++] = file;
+}
+
+/* Opens the file at the path p and puts it in the files struct, returning NULL
+ * if either the opening or the placement of the open FILE pointer fail. */
+#define Files_open(files, p) \
+	Files_append((files), fopen((p), (files)->mode), (p))
+
+/* Prints a diagnostic message based on errno and returns an exit status
+ * appropriate for an OS error. */
+static int
+oserr(char *s, char *r){
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: %s\n", s, r, strerror(errno));
+
+	return EX_OSERR;
+}
+
+/* Hijacks i and j from main and destructs the files[2] struct used by main by
+ * closing its files and freeing its files and names arrays, returning retval
+ * from main. */
+#define terminate \
+	for(i = 0; i < 2; ++i){ \
+		for(j = 0; j < files[i].s; ++j) \
+			if(files[i].files[j] != stdin \
+					&& files[i].files[j] != stdout \
+					&& files[i].files[j] != stderr) \
+				fclose(files[i].files[j]); \
+		free(files[i].files); \
+		free(files[i].names); \
+	} \
+	return retval
+
+/* Prints a usage text, in which s is the program being run (i.e. argv[0]), and
+ * returns an exit status appropriate for a usage error. */
+int usage(char *s){
+
+	fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s (-aenu) (-i [input])... (-o [output])...\n", s);
+
+	return EX_USAGE;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
+	int c;
+	struct Files files[2]; /* {read, write} */
+	size_t i;
+	size_t j;
+	size_t k; /* loop index but also unbuffer status */
+	int retval;
+
+	/* Initializes the files structs with their default values, standard
+	 * input and standard output. If an input or an output is specified
+	 * these initial values will be overwritten, so to, say, use mm(1)
+	 * equivalently to tee(1p), -o - will need to be specified before
+	 * additional files to ensure standard output is still written. */
+	for(i = 0; i < 2; ++i){
+		files[i].a = 0;
+		files[i].s = 0;
+		files[i].mode = fmode[i];
+		files[i].files = NULL;
+		files[i].names = NULL;
+		Files_append(&files[i], i == 0 ? stdin : stdout,
+			i == 0 ? stdin_name : stdout_name);
+		files[i].s = 0;
+	}
+
+	k = 0;
+
+	if(argc > 0)
+		program_name = argv[0];
+
+	if(argc > 1)
+		while((c = getopt(argc, argv, "aehi:no:u")) != -1)
+			switch(c){
+			case 'a': /* "rb+" -> "ab" */
+				files[1].mode[0] = 'a';
+				files[1].mode[2] = '\0';
+				break;
+			case 'e':
+				if(Files_append(&files[1], stderr, stderr_name) != NULL)
+					break;
+				retval = oserr(argv[0], "-e");
+				terminate;
+			case 'i':
+				if((strcmp(optarg, "-") == 0 && Files_append(&files[0],
+							stdin, stdin_name) != NULL)
+						|| Files_open(&files[0], optarg) != NULL)
+					break;
+				retval = oserr(argv[0], optarg);
+				terminate;
+			case 'o':
+				if((strcmp(optarg, "-") == 0 && Files_append(&files[1],
+							stdout, stdout_name) != NULL)
+						|| Files_open(&files[1], optarg) != NULL)
+					break;
+				/* does not exist, so try to create it */
+				if(errno == ENOENT){
+					files[1].mode = wharsh;
+					if(Files_open(&files[1], optarg) != NULL){
+						files[1].mode = fmode[1];
+						break;
+					}
+				}
+				retval = oserr(argv[0], optarg);
+				terminate;
+			case 'n':
+				if(signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN) != SIG_ERR)
+					break;
+				retval = oserr(argv[0], "-n");
+				terminate;
+			case 'u':
+				k = 1;
+				break;
+			default:
+				retval = usage(argv[0]);
+				terminate;
+			}
+
+	if(optind != argc){
+		retval = usage(argv[0]);
+		terminate;
+	}
+
+	files[0].s += files[0].s == 0;
+	files[1].s += files[1].s == 0;
+	
+	/* Unbuffer files. */
+	if(k){
+		for(i = 0;
+			i < files[0].s;
+			setvbuf(files[0].files[i++], NULL, _IONBF, 0));
+		for(i = 0;
+			i < files[1].s;
+			setvbuf(files[1].files[i++], NULL, _IONBF, 0));
+	}
+
+	retval = EX_OK;
+
+	/* Actual program loop. */
+	for(i = 0; i < files[0].s; ++i) /* iterate ins */
+		while((c = getc(files[0].files[i])) != EOF) /* iterate chars */
+			for(j = 0; j < files[1].s; ++j) /* iterate outs */
+				if(putc(c, files[1].files[j]) == EOF){
+					/* notebook's full */
+					retval = EX_IOERR;
+					fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: %s\n",
+						program_name, files[1].names[j], strerror(errno));
+					if(fclose(files[1].files[j]) == EOF)
+						fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s: %s\n",
+							program_name, files[1].names[j], strerror(errno));
+					/* massage out the tense muscle */
+					for(k = j--; k < files[1].s - 1; ++k){
+						files[1].files[k] = files[1].files[k+1];
+						files[1].names[k] = files[1].names[k+1];
+					}
+					if(--files[1].s == 0)
+						terminate;
+				}
+
+	terminate;
+}

src/npc.c

@@ -18,10 +18,9 @@
 
 #include <stdio.h> /* fprintf(3), fputs(3), getc(3), putc(3), stdin, stdout,
                     * EOF */
+#include <stdlib.h> /* EXIT_FAILURE, EXIT_SUCCESS */
 #include <unistd.h> /* getopt(3) */
-#if !defined EX_USAGE || !defined EX_OK
-#	include <sysexits.h>
-#endif
+#include <sysexits.h>
 
 int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
 	int c;

src/rpn.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 Emma Tebibyte <emma@tebibyte.media>
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+ * the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free
+ * Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any
+ * later version.
+ * 
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Affero General Public License for more
+ * details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
+ *
+ * This file incorporates work covered by the following copyright and permission
+ * notice:
+ *
+ *     MIT License
+ * 
+ *     Copyright (c) 2022 Lilly Cham
+ * 
+ *     Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+ *     copy of this software and associated documentation files 
+ *     (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ *     without limitation the rights
+ *     to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+ *     sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software
+ *     is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ *     The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
+ *     in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ * 
+ *     THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+ *     OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ *     MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
+ *     NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
+ *     DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
+ *     OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
+ *     USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+use std::{
+	collections::VecDeque,
+	env::args,
+	fmt::{ self, Display, Formatter },
+	io::stdin,
+	process::ExitCode,
+};
+
+use CalcType::*;
+
+extern crate sysexits;
+
+use sysexits::EX_DATAERR;
+
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Debug)]
+// enum CalcType is a type containing operations used in the calculator
+enum CalcType {
+	Add,
+	Subtract,
+	Multiply,
+	Divide,
+	Power,
+	Floor,
+	Modulo,
+	Val(f64),
+	Invalid(String),
+}
+
+impl From<&str> for CalcType {
+	fn from(value: &str) -> Self {
+		match value {
+			"+" => Add,
+			"-" | "−" => Subtract,
+			"*" | "×" => Multiply,
+			"/" | "÷" => Divide,
+			"^" | "**" => Power,
+			"//" => Floor,
+			"%" => Modulo,
+			_ => {
+				match value.parse::<f64>() {
+					Ok(x) => Val(x),
+					Err(_) => Invalid(value.to_owned()),
+				}
+			},
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+impl Display for CalcType {
+	fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+		let y: String;
+		write!(f, "{}", match self {
+			Add => "addition",
+			Subtract => "subtraction",
+			Multiply => "multiplication",
+			Divide => "division",
+			Power => "exponentiation",
+			Floor => "floor division",
+			Modulo => "modulus",
+			Val(x) => {
+				y = x.to_string(); &y
+			},
+			Invalid(i) => {
+				y = i.to_string(); &y
+			},
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+struct EvaluationError {
+	message: String,
+	code: i32,
+}
+
+// I’m no math nerd but I want the highest possible approximation of 0.9
+// repeating and it seems this can give it to me
+const PRECISION_MOD: f64 = 0.9 + f64::EPSILON * 100.0;
+
+fn eval(
+	input: &str,
+	initial_stack: VecDeque<f64>,
+) -> Result<(VecDeque<f64>, bool), EvaluationError> {
+	let mut stack = initial_stack;
+	let mut oper = false;
+
+	if input.is_empty() {
+		stack.clear();
+		return Ok((stack, oper));
+	}
+
+	// Split the input into tokens.
+	let mut toks: VecDeque<CalcType> = input
+		.split_whitespace()
+		.rev()
+		.map(|t| CalcType::from(t))
+		.collect();
+	let mut ops: VecDeque<CalcType> = VecDeque::new();
+
+	while let Some(n) = toks.pop_back() {
+		match n {
+			Val(v) => stack.push_back(v),
+			Invalid(i) => {
+				return Err(EvaluationError {
+					message: format!("{}: Invalid token", i),
+					code: EX_DATAERR,
+				})
+			},
+			op => {
+				ops.push_back(op.clone());
+				oper = true;
+
+				let vals = (
+					stack.pop_back(),
+					stack.pop_back(),
+				);
+
+				if let (Some(x), Some(y)) = vals {
+					match op {
+						Add => stack.push_back(y + x),
+						Subtract => stack.push_back(y - x),
+						Multiply => stack.push_back(y * x),
+						Divide => stack.push_back(y / x),
+						Power => stack.push_back(y.powf(x)),
+						Floor => stack.push_back((y / x).floor()),
+						Modulo => stack.push_back(y % x),
+						_ => {},
+					};
+				} else {
+					return Err(EvaluationError {
+						message: format!("{}: Unexpected operation", op),
+						code: EX_DATAERR,
+					})
+				}
+			},
+		};
+	}
+
+	Ok((stack, oper))
+}
+
+// Round a float to the given precision level
+fn round_precise(value: &f64, precision: usize) -> f64 {
+	let multiplier = 10_f64.powi(precision as i32);
+	(value * multiplier).round() / multiplier
+}
+
+fn main() -> ExitCode {
+	let argv = args().collect::<Vec<String>>();
+	let mut stack = VecDeque::new();
+	let mut buf = String::new();
+	// Set floating-point precision for correcting rounding errors based on
+	// machine epsilon
+	let precision = (-f64::EPSILON.log10() * PRECISION_MOD).ceil() as usize;
+	
+	if argv.get(1).is_none() {
+		while let Ok(_) = stdin().read_line(&mut buf) {
+			match eval(&buf.trim(), stack) {
+				Ok(s) => {
+					buf.clear();
+					stack = s.0.clone();
+
+					let val = match stack.iter().last() {
+						Some(v) => v,
+						None => break,
+					};
+
+					if s.1 == false { continue; }
+
+					println!("{}", round_precise(val, precision).to_string());
+				},
+				Err(err) => {
+					eprintln!("{}: {}", argv[0], err.message);
+					return ExitCode::from(err.code as u8);
+				},
+			};
+		}
+	} else {
+		let input = argv
+			.iter()
+			.skip(1)
+			.map(|x| x.to_owned())
+			.collect::<Vec<String>>()
+			.join(" ");
+
+		match eval(&input, stack) {
+			Ok(s) => {
+				stack = s.0.clone();
+
+				let val = match stack.iter().last() {
+					Some(v) => v,
+					None => return ExitCode::from(0),
+				};
+
+				println!("{}", round_precise(val, precision).to_string())
+			},
+			Err(err) => {
+				eprintln!("{}: {}", argv[0], err.message);
+				return ExitCode::from(err.code as u8);
+			},
+		};
+	}
+	ExitCode::from(0)
+}

src/scrut.c

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2023 DTB <trinity@trinity.moe>
+ * Copyright (c) 2023–2024 DTB <trinity@trinity.moe>
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 Emma Tebibyte <emma@tebibyte.media>
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
  *
  * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
@@ -17,7 +18,8 @@
  */
 
 #include <stdio.h> /* fprintf(3), stderr, NULL */
-#include <string.h> /* strchr(3) */
+#include <stdlib.h> /* EXIT_FAILURE, EXIT_SUCCESS */
+#include <string.h> /* memset(3), strchr(3) */
 #ifndef EX_USAGE
 #	include <sysexits.h>
 #endif
@@ -34,24 +36,31 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
 	struct stat buf;
 	int c;
 	size_t i;
+	char *p;
 
 	if(argc < 2)
 		goto usage;
 
-	i = 0;
+	memset(ops, '\0', sizeof ops);
 	while((c = getopt(argc, argv, args)) != -1)
-		if(strchr(args, c) == NULL)
+		if((p = strchr(args, c)) == NULL)
 			goto usage;
 		else
-			ops[i++] = c;
-	ops[i] = '\0';
+			ops[p - args] = c;
+	/* straighten out ops */
+	for(i = 0, p = ops; i < (sizeof ops) / (sizeof *ops); ++i)
+		if(ops[i] != '\0'){
+			*p = ops[i];
+			if(&ops[i] != p++)
+				ops[i] = '\0';
+		}
 
 	if(optind == argc)
 		goto usage;
 
 	argv += optind;
 	do{	if(access(*argv, F_OK) != 0 || lstat(*argv, &buf) == -1)
-			return 1; /* doesn't exist or isn't stattable */
+			return EXIT_FAILURE; /* doesn't exist or isn't stattable */
 
 		for(i = 0; ops[i] != '\0'; ++i)
 			if(ops[i] == 'e')
@@ -91,8 +100,8 @@ usage:				fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s (-%s) [file...]\n",
 						&& !S_ISLNK(buf.st_mode))
 					|| (ops[i] == 'S'
 						&& !S_ISSOCK(buf.st_mode)))
-				return 1;
+				return EXIT_FAILURE;
 	}while(*++argv != NULL);
 
-	return 0;
+	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
 }

src/str.c

@@ -20,10 +20,9 @@
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <stddef.h> /* NULL */
 #include <stdio.h> /* fprintf(3) */
+#include <stdlib.h> /* EXIT_FAILURE */
 #include <string.h> /* strcmp(3) */
-#if !defined EX_USAGE
-#	include <sysexits.h>
-#endif
+#include <sysexits.h>
 
 static char *program_name = "str";
 

src/strcmp.c

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #include <stdio.h> /* fprintf(3), stderr */
-#ifndef EX_USAGE
-#	include <sysexits.h> /* EX_USAGE */
-#endif
+#include <stdlib.h> /* EXIT_FAILURE */
+#include <sysexits.h>
 
 static char *program_name = "strcmp";
 

src/swab.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 DTB <trinity@trinity.moe>
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
+ * the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free
+ * Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any
+ * later version.
+ * 
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Affero General Public License for more
+ * details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ * along with this program. If not, see https://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
+ */
+
+use std::{
+	env::args,
+	io::{ stdin, stdout, Error, ErrorKind, Read, Write },
+	process::ExitCode,
+	vec::Vec
+};
+
+extern crate getopt;
+use getopt::GetOpt;
+
+extern crate sysexits;
+use sysexits::{ EX_OK, EX_OSERR, EX_USAGE };
+
+fn oserr(s: &str, e: Error) -> ExitCode {
+	eprintln!("{}: {}", s, e);
+	ExitCode::from(EX_OSERR as u8)
+}
+
+fn usage(s: &str) -> ExitCode {
+	eprintln!("Usage: {} (-f) (-w [wordsize])", s);
+	ExitCode::from(EX_USAGE as u8)
+}
+
+fn main() -> ExitCode {
+	let argv = args().collect::<Vec<String>>();
+	let mut buf: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
+	let mut input = stdin();
+	let mut output = stdout().lock();
+
+	let mut force = false;
+	let mut wordsize: usize = 2;
+
+	while let Some(opt) = argv.getopt("fw:") {
+		match opt.opt() {
+			Ok("f") => force = true,
+			Ok("w") => {
+				if let Some(arg) = opt.arg() {
+					match arg.parse::<usize>() {
+						Ok(w) if w % 2 == 0 => { wordsize = w; () },
+						_ => { return usage(&argv[0]); },
+					}
+				}
+			},
+			_ => { return usage(&argv[0]); }
+		}
+	}
+
+	buf.resize(wordsize, 0);
+
+	loop {
+		match input.read(&mut buf) {
+			Ok(0) => break ExitCode::from(EX_OK as u8),
+			Ok(v) if v == wordsize => {
+				let (left, right) = buf.split_at(v/2);
+				if let Err(e) = output.write(&right)
+						.and_then(|_| output.write(&left)) {
+					break oserr(&argv[0], e)
+				}
+			},
+			Ok(v) => {
+				if let Err(e) = output.write(&buf[..v]) {
+					break oserr(&argv[0], e)
+				}
+			},
+			Err(e) if e.kind() == ErrorKind::Interrupted && force => continue,
+			Err(e) => break oserr(&argv[0], e)
+		}
+	}
+}

tests/cc-compat.sh

@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# Copyright (c) 2023 Emma Tebibyte <emma@tebibyte.media>
-# SPDX-License-Identifier: FSFAP
-#
-# Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification, are
-# permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright notice and this
-# notice are preserved.  This file is offered as-is, without any warranty.
-
-set -e
-
-if ! ls GNUmakefile >/dev/null 2>&1
-then
-	printf '%s: Run this script in the root of the project.\n' "$0" 1>&2 
-	exit 64 # sysexits.h(3) EX_USAGE
-fi
-
-make clean
-
-for CC in cc \
-	clang \
-	gcc \
-	tcc \
-	'zig cc'
-do
-	export CC
-
-	command -v "$(printf '%s\n' "$CC" | cut -d ' ' -f1)" >/dev/null 2>&1 \
-		|| continue
-
-	printf '%s: %s: Testing build.\n' "$0" "$CC"
-
-	make CC="$CC" && printf '%s: Build successful.\n' "$0"
-
-	ls -lA build/
-
-	make clean
-	printf '\n'
-done

tests/posix-compat.sh

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
-# Copyright (c) 2023 Emma Tebibyte <emma@tebibyte.media>
+# Copyright (c) 2023–2024 Emma Tebibyte <emma@tebibyte.media>
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: FSFAP
 #
 # Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification, are
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 set -e
 
-if ! ls GNUmakefile >/dev/null 2>&1
+if ! ls Makefile >/dev/null 2>&1
 then
 	printf '%s: Run this script in the root of the project.\n' "$0" 1>&2 
 	exit 1